Anatomy of the Lungs and Pleura Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the pleura?

The pleura surrounds the lungs and acts as a protective membrane.

What are the two layers of the pleura?

The pleura consists of the parietal layer and the visceral layer.

How is the diaphragmatic parietal pleura connected to the costal parietal pleura?

The diaphragmatic parietal pleura is continuous with the costal parietal pleura at the costodiaphragmatic reflection.

Describe the pleural cavity and its function.

The pleural cavity is a potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura. It contains a layer of serous fluid that reduces friction and provides cohesion between the lung and thoracic wall. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of pleura and their locations?

The two types of pleura are the visceral pleura, which covers the lungs, and the parietal pleura, which lines the inner surfaces of the walls of the pleural cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the sensitivity to pain in the parietal and visceral pleura?

The parietal pleura is sensitive to pain, while the visceral pleura is not. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the trachea bifurcate and what are the primary bronchi?

The trachea bifurcates at the level of the sternal angle. The primary bronchi are the two branches that result from the tracheal bifurcation, with the right primary bronchus being wider, shorter, and more vertical, and the left primary bronchus passing inferior to the arch of the aorta and anterior to the esophagus and thoracic aorta. Signup and view all the answers

What are the borders of the costal parietal pleura?

The costal parietal pleura is continuous anteriorly with the mediastinal parietal pleura at the costomediastinal reflection, posteriorly with the mediastinal parietal pleura at the vertebral bodies, inferiorly with the diaphragmatic parietal pleura at the costodiaphragmatic reflection, and superiorly with the cervical parietal pleura at the level of the 1st rib. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cupula of the pleura?

The cupula is the top of the lung and is a serous membrane lining the pleural cavity. It extends above the level of the 1st rib into the root of the neck. It is also known as the cervical parietal pleura or cervical dome of pleura. Signup and view all the answers

What are the borders of the pleural sac and recesses?

The pleural sac and recesses extend to the 8th rib in the midclavicular line, 10th rib in the midaxillary line, and 12th rib at the medial scapular/paravertebral line. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pleura?

The function of the pleura is to surround and protect the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What are the borders of the mediastinal pleura?

The mediastinal pleura is continuous superiorly with the diaphragmatic parietal pleura and extends along the inferomedial borders of the pleural cavities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the pleural space?

The pleural space is filled with a small amount of serous fluid that lubricates the pleural surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the visceral pleura located?

The visceral pleura is located on the surface of the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diaphragmatic parietal pleura?

The diaphragmatic parietal pleura is a serous membrane lining the pleural cavity on the superior surface of the diaphragm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryonic origin of the pleura?

The pleura is derived from the embryonic coelomic lining. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the diaphragmatic parietal pleura and the costal parietal pleura?

The diaphragmatic parietal pleura is continuous superiorly with the costal parietal pleura at the costodiaphragmatic reflection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pleura in respiration?

The pleura allows for smooth and frictionless movement of the lungs during respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the visceral and parietal pleura?

The visceral pleura covers the surface of the lungs, while the parietal pleura lines the walls of the pleural cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mesothelial lining of the pleura?

The mesothelial lining is a thin layer of cells that covers the pleural surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the costal parietal pleura continuous with anteriorly?

mediastinal parietal pleura at the costomediastinal reflection Signup and view all the answers

What is the costal parietal pleura continuous with posteriorly?

mediastinal parietal pleura at the vertebral bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the costal parietal pleura continuous with inferiorly?

diaphragmatic parietal pleura at the costodiaphragmatic reflection Signup and view all the answers

What is the costal parietal pleura continuous with superiorly?

cervical parietal pleura at the level of the 1st rib Signup and view all the answers

What is the cupular pleura continuous inferiorly with?

costal and mediastinal parietal pleurae Signup and view all the answers

What is the cupular pleura reinforced by?

Sibson's fascia or suprapleural membrane Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinically relevant recesses of the pleura?

costomediastinal recess and costodiaphragmatic recess Signup and view all the answers

What is the space that extends to the 8th rib in the midclavicular line?

pleural sac Signup and view all the answers

What is the space that extends to the 10th rib in the midaxillary line?

pleural sac Signup and view all the answers

What is the space that extends to the 12th rib at the medial scapular/paravertebral line?

pleural sac Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura called?

pleural cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the capillary layer of serous fluid produced by the mesothelium?

Reduces friction and provides cohesion between the lung and thoracic wall Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pleura covers the lungs?

visceral pleura Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pleura lines the inner surfaces of the walls of the pleural cavity?

parietal pleura Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pleura is sensitive to pain?

parietal pleura Signup and view all the answers

What are the surfaces and structures of both lungs called?

Apical surface, costal surface, mediastinal surface, and diaphragmatic surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the ridge at the lower end of the trachea called?

carina Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation to the costal parietal pleura?

intercostal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation to the diaphragmatic pleura?

phrenic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation to the visceral pleura?

no innervation needed Signup and view all the answers

What are the two layers of the pleura?

Visceral pleura and parietal pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pleura?

To protect and lubricate the lungs during respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the pleural space?

Serous fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation to the costal parietal pleura?

Intercostal nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryonic origin of the pleura?

Derived from embryonic coelomic lining Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pleura in respiration?

To allow smooth movement of the lungs during breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the sensitivity to pain in the parietal and visceral pleura?

The parietal pleura is sensitive to pain, while the visceral pleura is not Signup and view all the answers

What are the surfaces and structures of both lungs called?

Pleural sac and pleural recesses Signup and view all the answers

What is the costal parietal pleura continuous with posteriorly?

Mediastinal pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation to the visceral pleura?

Autonomic nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cupular pleura?

The cupular pleura is a serous membrane lining the pleural cavity which extends above the level of the 1st rib into the root of the neck. Its function is to provide a continuous lining of the pleural cavity and reinforce the inferior border of the pleura. Signup and view all the answers

What are the borders of the pleural sac and recesses?

What is the potential space between the apposing surfaces of the costal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura called?

The potential space between the apposing surfaces of the costal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura is called the costodiaphragmatic recess. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential space between the apposing surfaces of the costal and mediastinal parietal pleura called?

The potential space between the apposing surfaces of the costal and mediastinal parietal pleura is called the costomediastinal recess. Signup and view all the answers

What is pneumothorax?

Pneumothorax is the presence of free air or gas in the pleural cavity, which can lead to the collapse of the ipsilateral lung due to pressure change and disruption of surface tension. It can also cause mediastinal shifts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between secondhand smoke and lung cancer?

Secondhand smoke is a risk factor for developing lung cancer, including both emphysema and cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the costal parietal pleura continuous with anteriorly?

The costal parietal pleura is continuous anteriorly with the mediastinal parietal pleura at the costomediastinal reflection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the costal parietal pleura continuous with posteriorly?

The costal parietal pleura is continuous posteriorly with the mediastinal parietal pleura at the vertebral bodies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the costal parietal pleura continuous with inferiorly?

The costal parietal pleura is continuous inferiorly with the diaphragmatic parietal pleura at the costodiaphragmatic reflection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the costal parietal pleura continuous with superiorly?

The costal parietal pleura is continuous superiorly with the cervical parietal pleura at the level of the 1st rib. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of pleura and their locations?

The two types of pleura are visceral pleura, which covers the lungs, and parietal pleura, which lines the inner surfaces of the walls of the pleural cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the pleural space?

The pleural space is a potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura. It contains a capillary layer of serous fluid produced by the mesothelium, which reduces friction and provides cohesion between the lung and thoracic wall. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the trachea bifurcate and what are the primary bronchi?

The trachea bifurcates at the level of the sternal angle. The primary bronchi are the right primary bronchus and the left primary bronchus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pleura?

The pleura serves as a serous membrane lining the pleural cavity. It reduces friction, provides surface tension for cohesion between the lung and thoracic wall, and helps maintain the shape and position of the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the sensitivity to pain in the parietal and visceral pleura?

The parietal pleura is sensitive to pain, while the visceral pleura is not. Signup and view all the answers

What are the surfaces and structures of both lungs called?

The surfaces and structures of both lungs are called the apical surface, costal surface, mediastinal surface, and diaphragmatic surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pleura in respiration?

The pleura plays a role in respiration by maintaining the shape and position of the lungs, allowing for smooth and frictionless movement during breathing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryonic origin of the pleura?

The pleura has a mesodermal origin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation to the costal parietal pleura?

The costal parietal pleura is innervated by intercostal nerves. Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation to the visceral pleura?

The visceral pleura does not have innervation. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Function of the Pleura

Surrounds the lungs and acts as a protective membrane.

Layers of the Pleura

Parietal (outer) and visceral (inner) layers.

Pleural Cavity

A potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura containing serous fluid. Reduces friction, provides cohesion.