Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the longest bone in the human body?
What is the longest bone in the human body?
Which muscle group is located in the lower leg?
Which muscle group is located in the lower leg?
What is the main artery of the thigh?
What is the main artery of the thigh?
Which nerve is the largest in the body?
Which nerve is the largest in the body?
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How many metatarsal bones are there in the human body?
How many metatarsal bones are there in the human body?
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What is the name of the bone embedded in the quadriceps tendon?
What is the name of the bone embedded in the quadriceps tendon?
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How many tarsal bones are there in the human body?
How many tarsal bones are there in the human body?
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What is the name of the largest superficial vein in the thigh?
What is the name of the largest superficial vein in the thigh?
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Study Notes
Bones of the Lower Limb
- Femur (thigh bone)
- Longest bone in the body
- Divided into proximal, shaft, and distal regions
- Patella (kneecap)
- Triangular bone embedded in the quadriceps tendon
- Tibia (shin bone)
- Medial and larger of the two bones in the lower leg
- Fibula
- Lateral and smaller of the two bones in the lower leg
- Tarsal bones (7)
- Form the ankle and midfoot
- Calcaneus (heel bone)
- Talus (ankle bone)
- Cuboid
- Navicular
- Cuneiform bones (3)
- Metatarsal bones (5)
- Connect the tarsal bones to the phalanges
- Phalanges (toe bones)
- 14 bones in total, 2 in the great toe and 3 in each of the other toes
Muscles of the Lower Limb
- Gluteal muscles
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
- Thigh muscles
- Quadriceps femoris (4 muscles)
- Hamstrings (3 muscles)
- Lower leg muscles
- Anterior compartment (4 muscles)
- Lateral compartment (2 muscles)
- Posterior compartment (3 muscles)
- Foot muscles
- Intrinsic muscles (10 muscles)
- Extrinsic muscles (4 muscles)
Blood Vessels of the Lower Limb
- Femoral artery
- Main artery of the thigh
- Popliteal artery
- Continuation of the femoral artery behind the knee
- Tibial arteries (anterior and posterior)
- Branch off from the popliteal artery
- Dorsalis pedis artery
- Branch of the anterior tibial artery
- Great saphenous vein
- Largest superficial vein in the thigh
- Small saphenous vein
- Smaller superficial vein in the lower leg
- Deep veins
- Accompany the arteries of the lower limb
Nerves of the Lower Limb
- Sciatic nerve
- Largest nerve in the body
- Runs from the lower back to the back of the knee
- Tibial nerve
- Branch of the sciatic nerve
- Supplies the lower leg and foot
- Common peroneal nerve
- Branch of the sciatic nerve
- Supplies the lateral and anterior compartments of the lower leg
- Saphenous nerve
- Branch of the femoral nerve
- Supplies the medial aspect of the lower leg
- Plantar nerves
- Branches of the tibial nerve
- Supply the sole of the foot
Bones of the Lower Limb
- Femur is the longest bone in the body, divided into proximal, shaft, and distal regions.
- Patella is a triangular bone embedded in the quadriceps tendon, acting as a kneecap.
- Tibia is the medial and larger bone in the lower leg.
- Fibula is the lateral and smaller bone in the lower leg.
- The 7 tarsal bones form the ankle and midfoot, consisting of calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and 3 cuneiform bones.
- The 5 metatarsal bones connect the tarsal bones to the phalanges.
- The 14 phalanges (toe bones) include 2 in the great toe and 3 in each of the other toes.
Muscles of the Lower Limb
- Gluteal muscles consist of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus.
- Quadriceps femoris is a group of 4 muscles in the thigh.
- Hamstrings are 3 muscles in the thigh.
- Anterior compartment of the lower leg has 4 muscles.
- Lateral compartment of the lower leg has 2 muscles.
- Posterior compartment of the lower leg has 3 muscles.
- Intrinsic muscles of the foot number 10, while extrinsic muscles number 4.
Blood Vessels of the Lower Limb
- Femoral artery is the main artery of the thigh.
- Popliteal artery is the continuation of the femoral artery behind the knee.
- Tibial arteries (anterior and posterior) branch off from the popliteal artery.
- Dorsalis pedis artery is a branch of the anterior tibial artery.
- Great saphenous vein is the largest superficial vein in the thigh.
- Small saphenous vein is a smaller superficial vein in the lower leg.
- Deep veins accompany the arteries of the lower limb.
Nerves of the Lower Limb
- Sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body, running from the lower back to the back of the knee.
- Tibial nerve supplies the lower leg and foot, and is a branch of the sciatic nerve.
- Common peroneal nerve supplies the lateral and anterior compartments of the lower leg, and is a branch of the sciatic nerve.
- Saphenous nerve supplies the medial aspect of the lower leg, and is a branch of the femoral nerve.
- Plantar nerves supply the sole of the foot, and are branches of the tibial nerve.
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Description
Explore the key bones of the lower limb, including the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, and metatarsal bones. Learn about their structure and functions.
