pharynx and esophagus

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Which part of the pharynx is situated behind the oral cavity and extends from the lower border of the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis?

Laryngopharynx

Nasopharynx

Pharyngeal recess

Oropharynx (correct)

What is the function of the salpingopharyngeal fold?

Contains the salpingopharyngeus muscle (correct)

Divides the nasopharynx and oropharynx

Elevates the soft palate during swallowing

Formed by the cartilage of the auditory tube

Which structure is located between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches?

Lingual tonsil

Tubal tonsil

Pharyngeal tonsil

Palatine tonsil (correct)

What is the boundary formed by the thyrohyoid membrane and the lamina of the thyroid cartilage in the piriform fossa?

Lateral boundary Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the oropharynx?

Glossopharyngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential complication of ingested food particles in the piriform fossa?

Impaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of blood supply to the cervical part of the esophagus?

Inferior thyroid artery Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic nerve supply to the esophagus?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to swallow?

Dysphagia Signup and view all the answers

Where does the esophagus compress as it expands during filling?

Its walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of cricopharyngeus failing to relax following the contraction of the thyropharyngeus part?

Increased pressure forces the mucosa and submucosa posteriorly through the Killian's dehiscence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary lymphatic drainage of the thoracic part of the esophagus?

Mediastinal lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by the spasm of the sphincter or inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax?

Achalasia cardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply of the pharynx?

Pharyngeal plexus of nerves formed by the pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal, vagus, and superior cervical sympathetic ganglion Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the pharyngeal plexuses?

On the middle constrictor Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the esophagus?

Continuation of the pharynx at the level of C6 vertebra Signup and view all the answers

What is the termination of the esophagus?

Joins the cardiac end of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the course of the cervical part of the esophagus?

Runs down in the lower part of the neck Signup and view all the answers

What is the anterior relation of the thoracic part of the esophagus?

Trachea and left principal bronchus Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of constrictions of the esophagus?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the first constriction of the esophagus?

Cricopharyngeus muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance from the incisor teeth to the fourth constriction of the esophagus?

40 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharyngeal lymphatic ring?

To act as a first line of defense against microbes Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of the pharyngeal wall that forms the pharyngeal raphe on the posterior aspect?

Pharyngobasilar fascia Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for elevating the larynx and shortening the pharynx during swallowing and speaking?

Palatopharyngeus muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply to the stylopharyngeus muscle?

Glossopharyngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of esophageal varices?

Portal hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the gap between the middle and inferior constrictors that allows for the passage of the internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery and vein?

Gap between the middle and inferior constrictors Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that can develop through the weak area in the inferior constrictor muscle due to neuromuscular incoordination?

Pharyngeal diverticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of regurgitation of small amounts of food or gastric fluid into the lower esophagus?

Pyrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the venous system that drains the submucosal veins of the lower esophagus?

Portosystemic anastomosis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for propelling food into the esophagus during swallowing?

Superior constrictor muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the involuntary contraction of the constrictor muscles that takes place sequentially from the superior to the inferior end of the pharynx?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of esophageal varices?

Life-threatening hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the submucosal veins that form esophageal varices?

Lower esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that forms the inlet of the larynx?

Aryepiglottic fold Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of injuring the internal laryngeal nerve during foreign particle removal?

Loss of protective cough reflex Signup and view all the answers