18 Questions
What is the main function of the larynx?
Producing sound for speech
Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system?
Trachea
What is the primary function of the nasal cavity?
Filtering and warming the air
Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for the resonance of speech?
Nasal cavity
What is the main function of the pharynx?
Connecting the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx
What is the main function of the trachea?
Connecting the larynx to the bronchi
What is the term for tubes smaller than 1 mm that are found in the respiratory system?
Terminal bronchioles
Which part of the lung is related to the sternum and ribs?
Costal surface
What is the outer layer of the pleural membrane that comes in contact with the inner wall of the thorax and mediastinum called?
Parietal pleura
Which bronchi have a characteristic formation of 3 lobar bronchi on the right side and 2 lobar bronchi on the left side?
Primary bronchi
What is the space within the pleural sac that contains a small amount of serous fluid called?
Pleural cavity
Where do respiratory bronchioles divide from in the respiratory system?
Terminal bronchioles
Which of the following is NOT a part of the pharynx?
Esophagopharynx
What is the primary function of the vocal folds?
To create sound by vibrating during expiration
Which structure is NOT a cartilage found in the larynx?
Nasal cartilage
What is the primary function of the trachea?
To allow passage of air to the lungs
Where is the nasopharynx located?
Behind the nasal cavity
What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
It closes off the airway to prevent food from entering
Study Notes
Respiratory System
- The main organ of the respiratory system is the lungs
- Main functions of the respiratory system:
- Gas exchange
- Sound production
- Assistance in compression of the abdomen
- Breathing consists of two phases:
- Inspiration: the process of taking in air
- Expiration: the process of blowing out air
Upper and Lower Respiratory System
- Upper respiratory system:
- Nose
- Larynx
- Pharynx
- Lower respiratory system:
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
Conducting and Respiratory Zones
- Conducting zone:
- Respiratory passages that carry air to the site of gas exchange
- Filters, humidifies, and warms air
- Consists of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree
- Respiratory zone:
- Site of gas exchange
- Composed of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs
Nose and Nasal Cavity
- The nose is the organ of smell
- Found on the anterior aspect of the face
- The nasal cavity is divided into right and left cavities by the nasal septum
- Communicates posteriorly with the pharynx
Trachea and Bronchi
- The trachea is a fibromuscular tube, 13 cm long
- Main (primary) bronchi divide into secondary (lobar) bronchi, each supplying one lobe
- 3 lobar bronchi on the right and 2 lobar bronchi on the left
- Lobar bronchi branch into tertiary bronchi and continue dividing about 23 times
Lungs
- Each lung is half-cone shaped with 3 surfaces, 3 borders, apex, and base
- Apex is directed upwards and lies deep to the clavicle
- Base is directed downwards and rests on the diaphragm
- Surfaces: costal, diaphragmatic, and medial
- Borders: anterior, inferior, and posterior
Pleura
- Pleural membranes are closed serous sacs
- Consists of two layers:
- Visceral pleura (inner layer in contact with the lung)
- Parietal pleura (outer layer in contact with the inner wall of the thorax and mediastinum)
- Pleural cavity is the space within the pleural sac, containing a small amount of serous fluid
Pharynx
- Pharynx is a tube-like structure that extends from the base of the skull to the 6th cervical vertebra
- Divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
- Oropharynx and laryngopharynx serve as a common pathway for food and air
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the pharynx, a muscular tube extending from the base of the skull to the 6th cervical vertebra. Learn about its three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx, each serving different functions.
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