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Questions and Answers
What is the average length of the trachea?
What is the average length of the trachea?
How many cartilaginous rings are typically found in the trachea?
How many cartilaginous rings are typically found in the trachea?
At which cartilaginous ring does the trachea become intrathoracic?
At which cartilaginous ring does the trachea become intrathoracic?
What anatomical feature allows the esophagus to expand during swallowing?
What anatomical feature allows the esophagus to expand during swallowing?
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What is the internal diameter range of the right main bronchus?
What is the internal diameter range of the right main bronchus?
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What governs the anatomical branching of the bronchial tree into lobes?
What governs the anatomical branching of the bronchial tree into lobes?
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What shape best describes the trachea when inhaling?
What shape best describes the trachea when inhaling?
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What is the average length of the right bronchus intermedius?
What is the average length of the right bronchus intermedius?
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What is the typical width range of the trachea's outer diameter?
What is the typical width range of the trachea's outer diameter?
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What anatomical feature is located at the posterior side of the trachea?
What anatomical feature is located at the posterior side of the trachea?
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What is the approximate length of the larynx?
What is the approximate length of the larynx?
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Which structure marks the upper boundary of the larynx?
Which structure marks the upper boundary of the larynx?
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At which cervical vertebra does the lower end of the larynx terminate?
At which cervical vertebra does the lower end of the larynx terminate?
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Which of the following structures does the uvula guide towards?
Which of the following structures does the uvula guide towards?
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What role does the hyoid bone play in the larynx?
What role does the hyoid bone play in the larynx?
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Which of the following cartilages is NOT part of the larynx’s median cartilages?
Which of the following cartilages is NOT part of the larynx’s median cartilages?
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What is located at the superior surface of the epiglottis?
What is located at the superior surface of the epiglottis?
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Which part of the larynx is involved in protecting the airway during swallowing?
Which part of the larynx is involved in protecting the airway during swallowing?
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Which is NOT a function of the larynx?
Which is NOT a function of the larynx?
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What is the shape of the thyrohyoid membrane?
What is the shape of the thyrohyoid membrane?
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Which structures are neighbors of the larynx?
Which structures are neighbors of the larynx?
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What is the function of the glottis during swallowing?
What is the function of the glottis during swallowing?
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At what vertebrae does the trachea begin?
At what vertebrae does the trachea begin?
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Which cartilage ring is the only complete ring in the airway?
Which cartilage ring is the only complete ring in the airway?
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How does the trachea deviate near its bifurcation?
How does the trachea deviate near its bifurcation?
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How far below the vocal cords does the subglottis end?
How far below the vocal cords does the subglottis end?
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What is the anatomical significance of the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage?
What is the anatomical significance of the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage?
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What is the primary role of the thyrohyoid membrane?
What is the primary role of the thyrohyoid membrane?
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What two types of arteries are near the larynx?
What two types of arteries are near the larynx?
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Study Notes
Thyrohyoid Membrane
- Forms a C-shaped barrier around the anterior and lateral walls of the supraglottis
- Extends inferiorly and blends with connective tissue in the perichondrium of the tracheal cartilaginous rings
Laryngeal Neighbors
- Carotid arteries, jugular veins, and the vagus nerve
- Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
- Superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves
Laryngeal Function: Airway Protection
- The glottis opens for inspiration and closes for swallowing
Trachea
- A cylindrical tube that projects onto the spine from C6 to T5
- Follows the curvature of the spine, and courses slightly backward
- Deviates slightly to the right near the tracheal bifurcation
- The subglottis ends 2 cm below the level of the vocal cords
Cricoid Cartilage
- The inferior margin of the larynx
- Forms the only complete cartilage ring in the airway
Tracheobronchial Anatomy
- Tracheal displacement can be caused by a goiter
Tracheal Anatomy
- Length: 9-15 cm
- Outer diameter: 21-27 mm
- Internal diameter: 12-18 mm
- Distance infracricoid-carina: about 11 cm
Tracheal Structure
- 18-22 cartilaginous rings
- There are approximately 2.1 rings per cm
- Becomes intrathoracic at the 6th cartilaginous ring
- Intrathoracic portion: 6-15 cm
Tracheal Membranous Posterior Membrane
- Allows esophageal expansion during deglutition
- Contains glands, small arteries, nerves, lymph vessels, elastic fibers, trachealis muscle, and epithelium
Main Carina
- Concept of anterior and posterior
Widened Main Carina
- Large subcarinal lymphadenopathy can be present
- Posterior membrane
Tracheal Appearances
- Normal shape
- Expansion during inhalation
- Circumferential collapse
- Saber sheath collapse
- Dynamic collapse
- Crescent shape collapse
Lobar and Segmental Anatomy
- Right lung: 3 lobes
- Left lung: 2 lobes
- Each functional unit should have bronchia, air supply, segmented arterial supply, and a venous drainage network
Right Bronchial Anatomy
- Right main bronchus: 2 cm long and 10-16 mm in diameter
- Bronchus intermedius: 1.0-2.5 cm long; anterior wall extends into the middle lobe bronchus; posterior wall extends into the right lower lobe bronchus
Upper Airway: Pharynx to Larynx
- Epiglottis
- Lingual tonsil
- Uvula
The Larynx
- 5-7 cm long structure
- Upper boundary: tip of the epiglottis, opposite the 3rd to 4th cervical vertebra
- Lower end: lower border of the cricoid cartilage, opposite the 6th cervical vertebra
Larynx: Superior Surface Anatomy
- Laryngeal aditus
- Epiglottis
- Vallecula
- Glossoepiglottic fold
- Base of tongue
The Cricoid Cartilage
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricothyroid membrane
- Cricoid cartilage
Larynx: Anatomy
- Structural rigidity provided by three median cartilages: epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
- Hyoid bone also contributes to laryngeal structure
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of the larynx and trachea, including their anatomical structures, surrounding relationships, and functions. It highlights the protective mechanisms of the airway, the details of laryngeal neighbors, and the physiology of tracheal anatomy. Perfect for students studying human anatomy and physiology.
