Anatomy of the Larynx and Sound Production

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Questions and Answers

What causes foreign bodies to more commonly enter the right bronchus compared to the left?

The right bronchus is longer and narrower than the left.

The right bronchus has more cartilage support than the left bronchus.

The right bronchus branches off at a sharper angle from the trachea.

The right bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical. (correct)

What do the middle and inferior lobar bronchi represent in the bronchial tree?

They represent the terminal branches of the bronchial tree.

They are the only conduits for the bronchial arteries.

They are the first divisions after the trachea.

They are secondary divisions of the primary bronchi. (correct)

Which of the following statements about the bronchial artery is true?

It is a major conduit for carbon dioxide from the lungs.

It does not supply systemic blood to the lungs.

It carries oxygenated blood from the aorta. (correct)

It arises from the pulmonary artery.

How does the structure of the bronchi differ from that of the trachea?

The bronchi have cartilage plates instead of full rings. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature is present at the hilum of each lung?

The division of the primary bronchi into secondary bronchi. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

Abducts the vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

During deep inspiration, the shape of the rima glottidis is described as:

Diamond Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

It adducts the vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the vocal cords when producing a high-pitched sound?

They are taut or stretched Signup and view all the answers

How do the transverse arytenoid muscles affect the vocal cords?

They narrow the posterior part of the glottis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main result of the intermittent release of expired air between the adducted vocal folds?

Sound production occurs Signup and view all the answers

In terms of structural differences, how do the vocal cords of adult males compare to those of adult females?

They are longer and thicker Signup and view all the answers

What shape does the rima glottidis take during quiet inspiration?

Triangular Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure divides each lung into halves?

Oblique fissure Signup and view all the answers

At what anatomical level does the horizontal fissure meet the oblique fissure?

5th rib Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the lung is bounded by the horizontal and oblique fissures?

Middle lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures forms the lateral boundary of the mediastinum?

Parietal pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pleural cuff at the hilum of the lung?

To facilitate movement of pulmonary vessels Signup and view all the answers

What attaches the lung to the mediastinum?

Pulmonary ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the parietal pleura during respiration?

Facilitate movement of the lung Signup and view all the answers

Which structure surrounds the vessels and bronchi as they enter and leave the lung?

Mediastinal pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the segmental vein in the bronchopulmonary segments?

It is a tributary of the pulmonary vein between adjacent segments. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of a bronchopulmonary segment?

It is pyramid-shaped with its apex directed toward the lung root. Signup and view all the answers

What type of pleura covers the outer surfaces of the lungs?

Visceral pleurae Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the surgical aspects of the bronchopulmonary segments is correct?

Diseased segments can be removed surgically without affecting adjacent segments. Signup and view all the answers

How does the visceral pleura relate to the parietal pleura?

The visceral pleura turns back on itself at the hilum to form the parietal pleura. Signup and view all the answers

What components are found within a bronchopulmonary segment?

Segmental bronchus, segmental artery, and autonomic nerves. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct anatomical feature regarding the trachea and its bifurcation?

The trachea bifurcates behind the arch of the aorta. Signup and view all the answers

What does the definition of a bronchopulmonary segment imply?

It serves as an anatomical, functional, and surgical unit of the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What role do lymph vessels play in the bronchopulmonary segments?

They are involved in the immune response of the lung tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cellular structures arise from the walls of the alveolar sacs?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve fibers are responsible for the sensory supply of the trachea?

Vagi and recurrent laryngeal nerves Signup and view all the answers

What artery supplies the upper two thirds of the trachea?

Inferior thyroid arteries Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the airways when their diameter becomes 1 mm or less?

They are classified as bronchioles. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the trachea blood supply is derived from the bronchial arteries?

Lower third Signup and view all the answers

What is the bifurcation point of the primary bronchi?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical term refers to the divisions of the bronchi?

Dichotomous division Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Posterior Cricoarytenoids

Contraction abducts vocal cords by rotating arytenoid cartilage.
Opens rima glottidis during quiet inspiration.
Vocal folds are abducted, creating a triangular-shaped rima glottidis.
During deep inspiration, vocal cords are maximally abducted, resulting in a diamond-shaped rima glottidis.

Sound Production of the Larynx

Produced by intermittent release of expired air between adducted vocal folds, causing them to vibrate.
High-pitched sounds occur when vocal cords are taut or stretched.
Lower-pitched sounds are produced when vocal cords are slack or relaxed.

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle

Adducts vocal cords by rotating arytenoid cartilage.

Transverse Arytenoid Muscle

Narrows posterior part of the glottis by drawing arytenoid cartilages together.

Trachea Anatomy

Bifurcates behind the arch of the aorta into right and left principal bronchi.
Bronchi divide into millions of terminal bronchioles, which lead to respiratory bronchioles.
Each respiratory bronchiole further divides into 2 to 11 alveolar ducts entering the alveolar sacs.
Alveoli form as diverticula from the walls of the sacs.

Trachea Nerve and Blood Supply

Sensory supply from vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves.
Sympathetic nerves supply the trachealis muscle.
Upper two-thirds of the trachea supplied by inferior thyroid arteries.
Lower third supplied by bronchial arteries.

Bronchi Anatomy

Primary bronchi bifurcate from the trachea.
Diameter of bronchi greater than 1mm; smaller airways are termed bronchioles.
Right bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical than the left, making it a common site for foreign body aspiration.

Left Lung Structure

Comprises a superior lobe and an inferior lobe, each containing five bronchopulmonary segments.
Bronchopulmonary segments are pyramid-shaped and functional units of the lungs, surrounded by connective tissue.

Lung Covering

Visceral pleura covers lung surfaces and extends into interlobar fissures.
Parietal pleura adheres to mediastinum and diaphragm.
Major and minor fissures divide the lung lobes.
Oblique fissure runs from T3 spinous process to the 6th rib midclavicularly.
Horizontal fissure is located at the 4th costal cartilage, meeting the oblique fissure at the midaxillary line.

Pleural Cuff and Function

The union of visceral and parietal pleura creates the pleural cuff around lung structures at the hilum.
Allows movement of pulmonary vessels and large bronchi during respiration while attaching the lung to the mediastinum.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy and function of the laryngeal muscles, including the posterior cricoarytenoids and lateral cricoarytenoid. It explores the mechanics of sound production in the larynx and the anatomy of the trachea. Test your knowledge on how these structures facilitate breathing and vocalization.