Anatomy of the Hip Joint and Placenta

Study Notes

Hip Joint

Also known as coxofemoral joint
Ball-and-socket joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the pelvis
Composed of:
- Acetabulum (socket) of the pelvis
- Head of the femur (ball)
Ligaments:
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
Movements:
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Rotation

Placenta

Temporary organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy
Functions:
- Provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
- Removes waste products from the fetus
- Produces hormones that support pregnancy
Structure:
- Composed of fetal and maternal tissues
- Fetal portion: chorion and amnion
- Maternal portion: decidua basalis
Blood supply:
- Fetal blood vessels: two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein
- Maternal blood vessels: spiral arteries

Shoulder Joint

Also known as glenohumeral joint
Ball-and-socket joint that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) to the scapula (shoulder blade)
Composed of:
- Glenoid cavity (socket) of the scapula
- Head of the humerus (ball)
Ligaments:
- Glenohumeral ligaments
- Coracohumeral ligament
Movements:
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Rotation

Elbow Joint

Hinge joint that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) to the radius and ulna (forearm bones)
Composed of:
- Humeroradial joint (between humerus and radius)
- Humeroulnar joint (between humerus and ulna)
Ligaments:
- Medial collateral ligament
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Annular ligament
Movements:
- Flexion
- Extension

Knee Joint

Synovial hinge joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone)
Composed of:
- Femorotibial joint (between femur and tibia)
- Femoropatellar joint (between femur and patella)
Ligaments:
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Movements:
- Flexion
- Extension

Joints of the Body

Hip Joint

Connects femur (thigh bone) to pelvis
Ball-and-socket joint composed of acetabulum (socket) of pelvis and head of femur (ball)
Held together by three ligaments: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral
Allows for five movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation

Placenta

Temporary organ that develops in uterus during pregnancy
Provides oxygen and nutrients to fetus, removes waste products, and produces hormones to support pregnancy
Composed of fetal and maternal tissues: chorion, amnion, decidua basalis
Fetal portion receives blood from two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein, while maternal portion receives blood from spiral arteries

Shoulder Joint

Connects humerus (upper arm bone) to scapula (shoulder blade)
Ball-and-socket joint composed of glenoid cavity (socket) of scapula and head of humerus (ball)
Held together by glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments
Allows for five movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation

Elbow Joint

Connects humerus (upper arm bone) to radius and ulna (forearm bones)
Hinge joint composed of humeroradial and humeroulnar joints
Held together by medial collateral, lateral collateral, and annular ligaments
Allows for two movements: flexion and extension

Knee Joint

Connects femur (thigh bone) to tibia (shin bone)
Synovial hinge joint composed of femorotibial and femoropatellar joints
Held together by anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, medial collateral, and lateral collateral ligaments
Allows for two movements: flexion and extension

Description

Learn about the structure and function of the hip joint, also known as the coxofemoral joint, and the placenta, a temporary organ that develops during pregnancy. Understand the components, movements, and functions of these two important body parts.