Anatomy of the Foot

Subclavian Artery = Originates from brachiocephalic trunk or aortic arch Axillary Artery = Continuation of subclavian, supplies axilla, shoulder, thoracic muscles Thoracoacromial Artery = Short branch of axillary, divides into pectoral, acromial, and deltoid arteries Brachial Artery = Continuation of axillary, supplies arm, ends below elbow

Subclavian Vein = Joins with basilic vein inferiorly, joins with cephalic vein superiorly Axillary Vein = Anastomoses with axillary vein, drains arm, axilla, and chest Brachial Vein = Deep vein of forearm, drains forearm, elbow joint, and humerus Cephalic Vein = Drains lateral aspect of upper limb, larger than radial vein

Jugular Notch = Anatomical landmark, found in superior aspect of sternum Sternoclavicular Joint = Medial end of clavicle joins onto the manubrium AC Joint = Lateral aspect of clavicle Vertebral Prominens (C7) = Bony landmark, most posterior aspect of C7

<p>Thyrocervical Trunk Artery = Arises from subclavian, divides into inferior thyroid, supreme intercostal artery &amp; deep cervical artery Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery = Branches of axillary, wraps around neck, humerus, supplies deltoid muscles and shoulder joint Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery = Branch of axillary artery, larger circumflex Profunda Brachii Artery = Large branch of brachial, divides into radial and ulnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suprascapular Vein = Tributary to subclavian Basilic Vein = Drains from medial upper limb, anastomosis with median cubital vein Ulnar Vein = Drains forearm and hand, larger than radial vein Radial Vein = Drains hand and forearm, smaller than ulnar vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Median Cubital Vein = Anastomosis of brachial vein, larger than radial vein Thoracodorsal Vein = Continuation of basilic vein, drains arm, axilla, and chest Cephalic Vein = Drains lateral aspect of upper limb, joins with basilic vein at elbow Median Antebrachial Vein = Links superficial palmar veins between the radial and ulnar veins, also ends or joins or anastomoses with basilic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trapezius = Posterior surface muscle Deltoid = Posterior surface muscle Triceps = Posterior surface muscle SCM = Anterior surface muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse/ anterior arch = Formed by the distal row of tarsal bones and the bases of the metatarsals, major weight-bearing arch of the foot Achilles Tendon = Largest and most powerful tendon in the human body, attaches to the calcaneal tuberosity Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles = Responsible for plantar flexion of the ankle Calcaneal Tuberosity = Prominent bony bump on the back of the heel bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse/ anterior arch = No alternative name Achilles Tendon = Calcaneal Tendon Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles = No alternative name Calcaneal Tuberosity = No alternative name</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse/ anterior arch = Tarsal bones and metatarsals Achilles Tendon = Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles = Calf Calcaneal Tuberosity = Heel bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse/ anterior arch = Helps distribute body weight over the base of the foot Achilles Tendon = Enables plantar flexion of the ankle Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles = Responsible for plantar flexion of the ankle Calcaneal Tuberosity = No specific function mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse/ anterior arch = No specific size or strength mentioned Achilles Tendon = Largest and most powerful tendon in the human body Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles = No specific size or strength mentioned Calcaneal Tuberosity = No specific size or strength mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse/ anterior arch = No specific action mentioned Achilles Tendon = Enables plantar flexion of the ankle Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles = No specific action mentioned Calcaneal Tuberosity = No specific action mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse/ anterior arch = No specific muscle mentioned Achilles Tendon = Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles = Calf Calcaneal Tuberosity = No specific muscle mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse/ anterior arch = Tarsal bones and metatarsals Achilles Tendon = Calcaneus Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles = No specific bone mentioned Calcaneal Tuberosity = Heel bone (calcaneus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse/ anterior arch = No specific tendon mentioned Achilles Tendon = No specific tendon mentioned Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles = No specific tendon mentioned Calcaneal Tuberosity = No specific tendon mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcaneus = Articulates with the talus, navicular, and cuboid bones, contributing to foot function, stability, and mobility Cuboid = Located on the lateral side of the foot, articulates with the calcaneus and metatarsals, and plays a role in weight-bearing and lateral movements Navicular = Located on the medial aspect of the foot, articulates with the talus and cuneiform bones, and plays a crucial role in the foot's arch and structure Cuneiforms = Three wedge-shaped bones that articulate with the metatarsals and navicular, contributing to the foot's arch and weight distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medial/ longitudinal arch = Runs along the inner aspect of the foot, has a greater curve, and plays a vital role in maintaining balance Lateral/ external arch = Extends from the head of the fifth metatarsal to the calcaneal tuberosity, provides a firm base for supporting the body, and helps with stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subtalar joint = Calcaneus and talus Talocalcaneonavicular joint = Calcaneus and navicular Calcaneocuboid joint = Calcaneus and cuboid Transverse tarsal joint = Combination of talocalcaneonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcaneus = Articulates with the talus at the superior part of the foot, forming the subtalar joint Cuboid = Articulates with the calcaneus proximally and with the bases of the fourth and fifth metatarsals anteriorly Navicular = Articulates posteriorly with the talus and anteriorly with the cuneiform bones Cuneiforms = Articulate anteriorly with the first three metatarsal bones and posteriorly with the navicular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcaneus = Features three facets in the subtalar joint: anterior, middle, and posterior Cuboid = Located on the lateral side of the foot, positioned anterior to the calcaneus Navicular = Has a flattened, oval shape, and its position between the talus and cuneiform bones contributes to the foot's arch and flexibility Cuneiforms = Have a wedge-shaped appearance, helping to distribute and support weight across the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcaneus = Contributes to foot stability and mobility through its articulations with the talus, navicular, and cuboid Cuboid = Contributes to foot stability and lateral movements, such as side-to-side motion during walking and running Navicular = Plays a crucial role in the arch and structure of the foot, maintaining its integrity and supporting the weight and movements of the body Cuneiforms = Contribute to the foot's arch and support, as well as weight distribution across the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medial/ longitudinal arch = Extends from the head of the first metatarsal to the calcaneal tuberosity Lateral/ external arch = Extends from the head of the fifth metatarsal to the calcaneal tuberosity Sustentaculum tali = A part of the calcaneus to which ligaments attach, contributing to the integrity of the medial arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scapula = Flat bone, triangular shaped, has 3 borders: superior, medial, lateral Clavicle = First bone in body to ossify, last to fuse, has no medullary canal Talus = 2nd largest tarsal, articulates with tib-fib superiorly and calcaneus inferiorly Calcaneus = Largest tarsal, on plantar surface has calcaneal tuberosity, on medial surface has sustentaculum tali</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metatarsals = Long slender bones, each foot has 5, each bone has distal head, proximal base, and body or shaft Tarsals = There are seven of these in each foot, including Talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid Phalanges = Each foot has 14 (3 for each toe), shorter and stouter than in fingers Talus = 2nd largest tarsal, body is wedge shaped and trochlea articulates with tib-fib</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scapula = Secures appendicular skeleton to axial skeleton, has large surface area for muscle attachment Glenoid Process = Forms lateral angle of scapula, ends at glenoid fossa Coracoid Process = Arises from lateral end of superior border of scapula, faces laterally, towards humerus Clavicle = Sternal end articulates with clavicular notch of manubrium, acromial end articulates with acromion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supraspinatus = Found on posterior aspect of scapula, inserts on greater tubercle of humerus Trapezius = Attaches to spine of scapula Pectoralis Minor = Attaches to coracoid process of scapula Deltoid = Attaches to spine of scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior border = Shortest border, has suprascapular notch/ scapular notch Medial or vertebral border = Parallel to spine when arm is on its side Lateral (axillary) border = Extends from inferior angle to glenoid cavity, entire border is covered by muscles Glenoid Process = Forms lateral angle of scapula, ends at glenoid fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subscapular Fossa = Slightly concave on anterior surface, numerous ridges for attachment of subscapularis muscle Spine = Divides posterior surface of scapula into supraspinatus and infraspinatus fossas, attachment for trapezius and deltoid Acromion Process = Flattened lateral projection of scapular spine Glenoid Fossa = Part of glenoid process, forms lateral angle of scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rotator Cuff = Group of muscles that provides stability to shoulder joint and allows for adduction, abduction, and rotation Subscapularis = Muscle on anterior surface of scapula, inserts on lesser tubercle of humerus Supraspinatus = Muscle on posterior aspect of scapula, inserts on greater tubercle of humerus Infraspinatus = Muscle on posterior aspect of scapula, inserts on greater tubercle of humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers