Anatomy of the Eye

Structure of the Eye

• The eye is a spherical structure consisting of three layers:
  1. Sclera: outermost layer, provides protection and structure
  2. Choroid: middle layer, contains blood vessels that supply the retina
  3. Retina: innermost layer, senses light and sends visual signals to the brain

Parts of the Eye

• Cornea: transparent outer layer at the front of the eye, refracts light
• Iris: colored part of the eye, controls light entry by adjusting pupil size
• Pupil: opening in the center of the iris, regulates light entry
• Lens: behind the iris, changes shape to focus light on the retina
• Macula: specialized area at the center of the retina, responsible for central vision
• Optic nerve: carries visual signals from the retina to the brain

Functions of the Eye

• Refraction: bending of light as it passes through the cornea and lens
• Accommodation: adjusting lens shape to focus on objects at varying distances
• Vision: conversion of light into electrical signals sent to the brain for interpretation

Types of Vision

• Central vision: sharp, detailed vision, mediated by the macula
• Peripheral vision: broader, less detailed vision, mediated by the retina
• Binocular vision: combination of images from both eyes, enables depth perception

Common Eye Disorders

• Myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty seeing distant objects
• Hyperopia (farsightedness): difficulty seeing close objects
• Presbyopia: age-related loss of accommodation, affecting near vision
• Cataracts: clouding of the lens, impairing vision

Structure of the Eye

• The eye has three layers: sclera, choroid, and retina.
• Sclera provides protection and structure.
• Choroid contains blood vessels that supply the retina.
• Retina senses light and sends visual signals to the brain.

Parts of the Eye

• Cornea is the transparent outer layer at the front of the eye, refracting light.
• Iris is the colored part of the eye, controlling light entry by adjusting pupil size.
• Pupil is the opening in the center of the iris, regulating light entry.
• Lens is behind the iris, changing shape to focus light on the retina.
• Macula is the specialized area at the center of the retina, responsible for central vision.
• Optic nerve carries visual signals from the retina to the brain.

Functions of the Eye

• Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through the cornea and lens.
• Accommodation is adjusting lens shape to focus on objects at varying distances.
• Vision is the conversion of light into electrical signals sent to the brain for interpretation.

Types of Vision

• Central vision is sharp, detailed vision, mediated by the macula.
• Peripheral vision is broader, less detailed vision, mediated by the retina.
• Binocular vision combines images from both eyes, enabling depth perception.

Common Eye Disorders

• Myopia (nearsightedness) is difficulty seeing distant objects.
• Hyperopia (farsightedness) is difficulty seeing close objects.
• Presbyopia is age-related loss of accommodation, affecting near vision.
• Cataracts are the clouding of the lens, impairing vision.