Anatomy of the Eye

Structure of the Eye

• The eye is a spherical organ consisting of three layers:
  • Outer layer: Cornea (transparent) and Sclera (white)
  • Middle layer: Choroid (blood vessels), Ciliary body (muscles), and Iris (colored part)
  • Inner layer: Retina (photoreceptors and neurons)

Parts of the Eye

• Cornea: Transparent outer layer, refracts light
• Iris: Colored part, controls amount of light entering the eye
• Pupil: Opening in the center of the iris, regulates light entry
• Lens: Changes shape to focus light on the retina
• Retina: Inner layer, contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) and neurons
• Macula: Central part of the retina, responsible for central vision
• Optic nerve: Carries electrical signals from the retina to the brain

Functions of the Eye

• Refraction: Bending of light to focus on the retina
• Accommodation: Changing lens shape to focus on near or far objects
• Vision: Detection of light and transmission of signals to the brain
• Eye movement: Controlled by extraocular muscles, allows for tracking and focusing

Types of Vision

• Central vision: High-acuity vision, used for reading and recognizing details
• Peripheral vision: Low-acuity vision, used for detecting movement and peripheral awareness
• Binocular vision: Combines images from both eyes to create depth perception

Eye Conditions and Disorders

• Myopia (nearsightedness): Difficulty seeing distant objects
• Hyperopia (farsightedness): Difficulty seeing near objects
• Astigmatism: Irregular curvature of the cornea, causing blurry vision
• Cataracts: Clouding of the lens, causing vision loss
• Glaucoma: Increased pressure in the eye, damaging the optic nerve

Structure of the Eye

• The eye consists of three layers: outer, middle, and inner
• Outer layer: Cornea (transparent) and Sclera (white)
• Middle layer: Choroid (blood vessels), Ciliary body (muscles), and Iris (colored part)
• Inner layer: Retina (photoreceptors and neurons)

Key Parts of the Eye

• Cornea: Transparent outer layer, refracts light
• Iris: Colored part, controls amount of light entering the eye
• Pupil: Opening in the center of the iris, regulates light entry
• Lens: Changes shape to focus light on the retina
• Retina: Inner layer, contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) and neurons
• Macula: Central part of the retina, responsible for central vision
• Optic nerve: Carries electrical signals from the retina to the brain

Functions of the Eye

• Refraction: Bending of light to focus on the retina
• Accommodation: Changing lens shape to focus on near or far objects
• Vision: Detection of light and transmission of signals to the brain
• Eye movement: Controlled by extraocular muscles, allows for tracking and focusing

Types of Vision

• Central vision: High-acuity vision, used for reading and recognizing details
• Peripheral vision: Low-acuity vision, used for detecting movement and peripheral awareness
• Binocular vision: Combines images from both eyes to create depth perception

Eye Conditions and Disorders

• Myopia (nearsightedness): Difficulty seeing distant objects
• Hyperopia (farsightedness): Difficulty seeing near objects
• Astigmatism: Irregular curvature of the cornea, causing blurry vision
• Cataracts: Clouding of the lens, causing vision loss
• Glaucoma: Increased pressure in the eye, damaging the optic nerve