Lecture 7:anatomy of the Eye and Ear Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of lacrimal secretions?

  • To irritate the eye
  • To reduce tear production
  • To increase eye pressure
  • To clean and protect the eye (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the conjunctiva?

  • To produce tears
  • To hear sounds
  • To lubricate the eyes (correct)
  • To see clearly

    • What is the name of the cavity in the middle ear?

  • Orbital cavity
  • Nasal cavity
  • Tympanic cavity (correct)
  • Cranial cavity

    • What is the function of eyebrows?

    <p>To protect the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the passage that connects the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity?

    <p>Nasolacrimal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lacrimal glands?

    <p>To produce tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the eyelids?

    <p>To protect the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the slit between the eyelids?

    <p>Palpebral fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lysozymes in lacrimal secretions?

    <p>To destroy bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the sac that drains excessive tears?

    <p>Lacrimal sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lacrimal gland?

    <p>To produce tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the duct that drains tears from the eye into the nasal cavity?

    <p>Nasolacrimal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for moving the eye laterally?

    <p>Lateral rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the layer of the eyeball that contains the iris, ciliary body, and choroid?

    <p>Vascular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nerve that supplies the superior oblique muscle?

    <p>CN IV (trochlear)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the retina?

    <p>To detect light and transmit visual information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the central anterior portion of the eye?

    <p>Cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the canal that connects the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity?

    <p>Nasolacrimal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for elevating the eye and turning it medially?

    <p>Superior rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the eyeball?

    <p>Fibrous layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cornea?

    <p>To bend light rays to focus them on the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ciliary muscle?

    <p>To change the shape of the lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the suspensory ligament?

    <p>To hold the lens in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the choroid?

    <p>To nourish the retina with oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the iris?

    <p>To regulate the amount of light that enters the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the retina?

    <p>To detect light and transmit signals to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the macula?

    <p>To enable central, high-resolution, color vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the optic nerve?

    <p>To transmit signals from the retina to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sclera?

    <p>To provide structural support to the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Canal of Schlemm?

    <p>To drain aqueous humor from the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the center of the macula known as?

    <p>Fovea centralis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fluid is found in the anterior segment of the eyeball?

    <p>Aqueous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the ear is responsible for equilibrium and balance?

    <p>Vestibule and semicircular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the external ear?

    <p>Only involved in hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the narrow chamber in the temporal bone that contains ceruminous glands?

    <p>External auditory canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three bones present in the middle ear?

    <p>Malleus, Incus, and Stapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the auditory tube in the middle ear?

    <p>To equalize pressure during yawning or swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fills the bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth in the inner ear?

    <p>Perilymph and endolymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two senses housed in the ear?

    <p>Hearing and equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the membrane that separates the external ear canal from the middle ear?

    <p>Tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Eye and Ear

    Accessory Structures of the Eye

    • Eyebrows: short, coarse hair that lie over the supraorbital margins of the skull
    • Eyelids (palpebrae): separated by the eyelid slit (palpebral fissure)
    • Conjunctiva: lines the eyelids and the eyes; secretes mucus to lubricate the eyes

    Lacrimal Apparatus

    • Consists of:
      • Lacrimal glands: secrete tears
      • Lacrimal canaliculi: drain lacrimal secretions (tears) into the lacrimal sac
      • Lacrimal sac: drains excessive tears to the nasolacrimal duct
      • Nasolacrimal duct: ultimately drains into nasal cavity
    • Lacrimal secretions contain mucus, antibodies, and lysozymes (destroy bacteria)
    • Cleans and protects the eye

    Flow of Tears

    • Lacrimal gland → Excretory ducts to eye (blink) → across eye → Lacrimal puncta → Lacrimal canaliculi → Lacrimal sac (in lacrimal fossa) → Naso-lacrimal duct → Nasal cavity

    Extraocular Muscles of the Eye

    • Muscles:
      • Lateral rectus: moves eye laterally (abducts) - CN VI (abducens)
      • Medial rectus: moves eye medially (adducts) - CN III (oculomotor)
      • Superior rectus: elevates eye and turns it medially - CN III (oculomotor)
      • Inferior rectus: depresses eye and turns it medially - CN III (oculomotor)
      • Inferior oblique: elevates eye and turns it laterally - CN III (oculomotor)
      • Superior oblique: depresses eye and turns it laterally - CN IV (trochlear)

    Eyeball

    • Hollow sphere filled with fluids (humor)
    • Composed of 3 layers: fibrous, vascular, and sensory

    Layers of the Eyeball

    • Fibrous layer (outermost):
      • Cornea: transparent and bends light rays to focus them on the retina (refraction)
      • Sclera: white opaque connective tissue (white of the eye)
    • Vascular layer (middle):
      • Iris: forms most anterior part of the vascular layer with central aperture, the pupil
      • Ciliary body & Ciliary muscle: controls the shape of the lens
      • Choroid: highly vascular and forms posterior 5/6 of the vascular coat
    • Sensory layer (innermost):
      • Retina: contains receptor cells (photoreceptors), the rods and cones
      • Fundus: interior lining of the eyeball, includes the retina, optic disc, and macula

    Lens

    • Biconvex crystal-like transparent structure
    • Held in place by a suspensory ligament attached to the ciliary body

    Segments of Eyeball

    • Divided into 2 segments by the lens
    • Anterior segment: divided into anterior and posterior chambers containing Aqueous humor
    • Posterior segment: contains Vitreous body (humor)

    The Ear

    • Houses two senses: hearing and equilibrium (balance)
    • Divided into three parts: outer (external) ear, middle ear, and inner ear

    The External Ear

    • Involved in hearing only
    • Structures:
      • Pinna (auricle)
      • External auditory canal: narrow chamber in the temporal bone, lined with skin, and contains Ceruminous (wax) glands
      • Ends at the tympanic membrane (ear drum)

    The Middle Ear or Tympanic Cavity

    • Air-filled cavity within the temporal bone
    • Only involved in the sense of hearing - transfer sound from external to inner ear
    • Contains 3 pairs of bones (Ear Ossicles):
      • Malleus (hammer)
      • Incus (anvil)
      • Stapes (stirrup)
    • Auditory tube: connects the middle ear with the throat (nasopharynx) and allows for equalizing pressure during yawning or swallowing

    The Inner Ear

    • Includes sense organs for hearing and balance
    • Consists of the bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth filled with perilymph and endolymph, respectively

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    Anatomy of the Eye and Ear Lecture PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the eye and ear, including the accessory structures and extraocular muscles.

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