Diaphragm Anatomy Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is covered by the fascia that forms the lateral arcuate ligament?

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum (correct)

Diaphragm

Erector spinae

What is the effect of the diaphragm's descent on the intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal pressures?

Decreases both intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal pressures

Decreases intra-thoracic pressure and increases intra-abdominal pressure (correct)

Increases intra-thoracic pressure and decreases intra-abdominal pressure

Increases both intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal pressures

Which of the following structures passes through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm?

Esophageal branch of the left gastric vessels (correct)

Aorta

IVC

Thoracic duct

What is the main function of the diaphragm as a muscle of abdominal straining?

To aid the contraction of the anterior abdominal wall muscles and increase the intra-abdominal pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the diaphragm during weight lifting?

To fix the diaphragm to rise the intra-abdominal pressure and support the vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of the vertebral column where the medial arcuate ligament extends from?

L2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures does the diaphragm not relate to superiorly?

Sternal body Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the right crus of the diaphragm?

Bodies of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and the corresponding intervertebral disc Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the median arcuate ligament?

It connects the right and left crus of the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT related to the diaphragm inferiorly on the left side?

Right kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the sternal part of the diaphragm?

Central tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the lateral arcuate ligament a part of?

Posterior vertebral or lumbar part of the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves pierces the left dome of the diaphragm?

Left Phrenic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the arterial supply of the diaphragm?

Superior phrenic Artery, Inferior phrenic Artery, Pericardiacophrenic Artery, and Musculophrenic Artery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a weak point of the diaphragm?

Pulmonary opening Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves provides sensory innervation to the central part of the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hernias occurs posteriorly?

Bochdalek’s Hernia Signup and view all the answers

What is the motor innervation of the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerves (C3,4,5) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures passes posterior to the medial arcuate ligament?

Sympathetic trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the superior epigastric vessels?

Between the sternal and costal portions of the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diaphragm Structure

The diaphragm is divided into a peripheral muscular part and a central tendinous part.
The muscle fibers of the diaphragm arise from three parts: sternal, costal, and posterior vertebral or lumbar.
The sternal part originates from the post surface of the xiphoid process and inserts into the central tendon.
The costal part originates from the lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages and inserts into the central tendon.
The posterior vertebral or lumbar part is divided into right and left crus, medial arcuate ligament, and lateral arcuate ligament.

Openings of the Diaphragm

The diaphragm has several openings, including:
- Aortic opening (T12): aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein
- Esophageal opening (T10): esophagus, left and right vagus nerve, esophageal branch of left gastric vessels, and lymphatics from lower 1/3 of esophagus
- Caval opening (T8): IVC, terminal branch of right phrenic nerve, and additional greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, and lowest splanchnic nerve

Innervation and Arterial Supply of the Diaphragm

Motor innervation: phrenic nerves (C3, 4, 5)
Sensory innervation: peripheral part (intercostal nerves T5-T11) and central part (phrenic nerve C3, 4, 5)
Arterial supply: superior phrenic artery (branch of descending aorta), inferior phrenic artery (branch of abdominal aorta), pericardiacophrenic artery (branch of internal thoracic artery), and musculophrenic artery (branch of internal thoracic artery)

Actions of the Diaphragm

Muscle of inspiration: pulls the central tendon down, increasing the vertical diameter
Weight lifting muscle: takes a deep breath and fixes the diaphragm to rise the intra-abdominal pressure and support the vertebral column
Muscle of abdominal straining: aids the contraction of anterior abdominal wall muscles and rises the intra-abdominal pressure to evacuate the pelvic content
Thoraco-abdominal pump: descent of the diaphragm decreases the intra-thoracic pressure and increases the intra-abdominal pressure, compressing the blood in the IVC and forcing it upwards

Diaphragmatic Hernias

Bochdalek's hernia: posterior
Morgagni hernia: anterior

Relations of the Diaphragm

Superior relations: pleura, base of the left and right lung, pericardium, and diaphragmatic surface of the heart
Inferior relations: right lobe of the liver, right kidney, right suprarenal gland, left lobe of the liver, fundus of the stomach, left kidney, left suprarenal gland, and spleen

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Description

Test your knowledge about the diaphragm, the principle muscle of respiration, including its structure, relations, and location in the body. Learn about the superior and inferior relations of the diaphragm and its importance in human physiology. Take this quiz to see how well you understand the anatomy of the diaphragm.