28 Questions
What is the function of the medulla in the endocrine system?
Secreting adrenaline to increase heart rate and blood pressure
What is the location of the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex?
Just beneath the connective tissue (C.T.)
How many layers can the adrenal cortex be subdivided into?
3 layers
What is the name of the gland that produces adrenaline?
Adrenal gland
What is the term for the outer layer of the adrenal gland?
Adrenal cortex
What does the capsule send to the anterior?
Trabeculae
What type of fibers support the secretory cells?
Reticular fibers
What is the main component of the stroma?
Reticular fibers
What forms trabeculae in the anterior?
The capsule
What are the secretory cells supported by?
Reticular fibers
In the zona fasciculata, how are the cells arranged?
In longitudinal chains parallel to each other
What is the arrangement of cells in the capsule?
In cords and chains or arches
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the zona fasciculata?
Cells are arranged in cords and chains or arches
What is the characteristic of the cells in the zona fasciculata?
They are arranged in longitudinal chains parallel to each other
How do the cells in the zona fasciculata relate to each other?
They are arranged parallel to each other
What type of cells are responsible for secreting catecholamine?
Chromaffin cells
Where are catecholamines stored inside the chromaffin cells?
Secretory granules
What is the function of chromaffin cells?
To secrete catecholamines
What is the term for the hormone secreted by chromaffin cells?
Catecholamine
What is the role of secretory granules in chromaffin cells?
To store hormones
What type of cells are found in the posterior pituitary?
Pituicytes
Which part of the pituitary gland surrounds the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis?
Pars tuberalis
What is the function of MSH secreted by the pars intermedia?
Increases the number of melanosomes in the skin
What is the function of somatotropes in the pituitary gland?
Coordinates growth and development
What is the function of corticotropes in the pituitary gland?
Promotes growth of the adrenal cortex
What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
Secretes hormones that stimulate or suppress the release of hormones in the pituitary gland
What is the effect of somatostatin secreted by the hypothalamus?
Suppresses the release of growth hormone
Which part of the pituitary gland contains chromophobe and chromophil cells?
Pars distalis
Study Notes
Adrenal Glands
- The adrenal cortex has three layers: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.
- The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline (epinephrine), which increases heart rate and blood pressure.
- The adrenal cortex secrets aldosterone, which regulates electrolyte balance.
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
Adenohypophysis
- Pars tuberalis: surrounds the infundibulum, secretes FSH and LH hormones.
- Pars intermedia: secrets MSH, which increases melanosome production in skin.
- Pars distalis: comprises the largest part of the pituitary gland, has secretory cells that can be differentiated into chromophobe and chromophil cells.
Chromophil Cells
- Acidophils: secrete human growth hormone (HGH), prolactin, and stimulate milk secretion from mammary glands.
- Basophils: secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Hypothalamus
- Located in the lower central part of the brain, regulates metabolism and body temperature.
- Secrets hormones that stimulate or suppress hormone release in the pituitary gland.
- Secrets somatostatin, which inhibits growth hormone release in the pituitary gland.
This quiz covers the structure and function of the capsule in the human body, including the septa, trabeculae, and stroma. Test your knowledge of the components and their roles.
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