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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the medulla in the endocrine system?
What is the function of the medulla in the endocrine system?
- Regulating blood sugar levels
- Secreting adrenaline to increase heart rate and blood pressure (correct)
- Producing hormones for growth and development
- Producing insulin for glucose regulation
What is the location of the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex?
What is the location of the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex?
- In the center of the adrenal gland
- Just beneath the connective tissue (C.T.) (correct)
- Outside the adrenal gland
- Just beneath the medulla
How many layers can the adrenal cortex be subdivided into?
How many layers can the adrenal cortex be subdivided into?
- 5 layers
- 4 layers
- 2 layers
- 3 layers (correct)
What is the name of the gland that produces adrenaline?
What is the name of the gland that produces adrenaline?
What is the term for the outer layer of the adrenal gland?
What is the term for the outer layer of the adrenal gland?
What does the capsule send to the anterior?
What does the capsule send to the anterior?
What type of fibers support the secretory cells?
What type of fibers support the secretory cells?
What is the main component of the stroma?
What is the main component of the stroma?
What forms trabeculae in the anterior?
What forms trabeculae in the anterior?
What are the secretory cells supported by?
What are the secretory cells supported by?
In the zona fasciculata, how are the cells arranged?
In the zona fasciculata, how are the cells arranged?
What is the arrangement of cells in the capsule?
What is the arrangement of cells in the capsule?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the zona fasciculata?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the zona fasciculata?
What is the characteristic of the cells in the zona fasciculata?
What is the characteristic of the cells in the zona fasciculata?
How do the cells in the zona fasciculata relate to each other?
How do the cells in the zona fasciculata relate to each other?
What type of cells are responsible for secreting catecholamine?
What type of cells are responsible for secreting catecholamine?
Where are catecholamines stored inside the chromaffin cells?
Where are catecholamines stored inside the chromaffin cells?
What is the function of chromaffin cells?
What is the function of chromaffin cells?
What is the term for the hormone secreted by chromaffin cells?
What is the term for the hormone secreted by chromaffin cells?
What is the role of secretory granules in chromaffin cells?
What is the role of secretory granules in chromaffin cells?
What type of cells are found in the posterior pituitary?
What type of cells are found in the posterior pituitary?
Which part of the pituitary gland surrounds the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis?
Which part of the pituitary gland surrounds the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis?
What is the function of MSH secreted by the pars intermedia?
What is the function of MSH secreted by the pars intermedia?
What is the function of somatotropes in the pituitary gland?
What is the function of somatotropes in the pituitary gland?
What is the function of corticotropes in the pituitary gland?
What is the function of corticotropes in the pituitary gland?
What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
What is the effect of somatostatin secreted by the hypothalamus?
What is the effect of somatostatin secreted by the hypothalamus?
Which part of the pituitary gland contains chromophobe and chromophil cells?
Which part of the pituitary gland contains chromophobe and chromophil cells?
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Study Notes
Adrenal Glands
- The adrenal cortex has three layers: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.
- The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline (epinephrine), which increases heart rate and blood pressure.
- The adrenal cortex secrets aldosterone, which regulates electrolyte balance.
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
Adenohypophysis
- Pars tuberalis: surrounds the infundibulum, secretes FSH and LH hormones.
- Pars intermedia: secrets MSH, which increases melanosome production in skin.
- Pars distalis: comprises the largest part of the pituitary gland, has secretory cells that can be differentiated into chromophobe and chromophil cells.
Chromophil Cells
- Acidophils: secrete human growth hormone (HGH), prolactin, and stimulate milk secretion from mammary glands.
- Basophils: secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Hypothalamus
- Located in the lower central part of the brain, regulates metabolism and body temperature.
- Secrets hormones that stimulate or suppress hormone release in the pituitary gland.
- Secrets somatostatin, which inhibits growth hormone release in the pituitary gland.
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