Anatomy of Teeth and Periodontal Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What are cementoblasts primarily responsible for?

Regenerating periodontal ligament

Differentiating from the dental follicle (correct)

Producing enamel

Maintaining alveolar bone

Sharpey’s fibers are primarily located in the acellular intrinsic fiber cementum.

False

Name the soft connective tissue that distributes masticatory forces between the root and the alveolar bone.

periodontal ligament

The three layers of alveolar bone include cortical compact bone, alveolar bone proper, and ________ bone.

trabecular Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of Sharpey's fibers with their functions:

Transseptal = Connect teeth across the arch Interradicular = Support multi-rooted teeth Apical = Attach tooth to the bone at the root apex Oblique = Distribute forces during chewing Signup and view all the answers

Which type of teeth do mammals, including dogs, possess?

Heterodont Signup and view all the answers

The molar morphology of bears allows for lateral mandibular jaw movement.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the periodontium?

Supporting the teeth and protecting against oral microflora. Signup and view all the answers

The three types of mucosa in the gingiva are __________, specialized mucosa, and lining mucosa.

masticatory mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Match the tooth types with their corresponding root numbers:

Incisors = Single-rooted Upper molars = Three-rooted Lower molars = Double-rooted Upper first premolar = Double-rooted Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the periodontium?

Dentin Signup and view all the answers

All mammals have multi-rooted teeth.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of dentin found in the pulp cavity?

Mantle dentin and circumpulpal dentin. Signup and view all the answers

The gingival epithelium at the dentogingival junction consists of _______ layers thick stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium.

10-30 Signup and view all the answers

The presence of odontoblasts is only relevant to the formation of cementum.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy of Teeth and Periodontal Tissues

Most vertebrates have teeth, simplest being conical and single-lobed (reptiles - homodont).
Temporomandibular movements are linked to tooth morphology, often resulting in limited lateral movement.
Mammals have 3-lobed teeth (heterodont dentition).
Only mammals have multi-rooted teeth.
Canine teeth lack significant lateral movement.
The morphology of molar teeth in some mammals facilitates lateral jaw movement.
The most complex teeth have 4-5 lobes.
Anthropoid ape dentition is similar to human dentition, with relatively longer canines.
Ungulates exhibit the greatest lateral jaw movement capacity.

Comparative Anatomy

Most vertebrates have teeth, but simplest teeth are conical and single-lobed (reptiles - homodont).
In mammals, simplest teeth are conical with one lobe.

Root Structure

Teeth have various root numbers (single or multiple).
Incisors, canines, and premolars often have a single root, while molars usually have two or three roots.
Root numbers can differ between individuals.

Anatomy of the Periodontium

The periodontal tissues support teeth, provide connection, protect against oral microbes, and allow proprioceptive sensing.
The periodontium contains gingiva (facing the teeth), periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone.

Gingiva (Gums)

Gingiva is part of the oral mucosa, composed of three zones.
Masticatory mucosa (25%)
Specialized mucosa covering the tongue (15%)
Lining mucosa (60%)

Gingiva- Clinical Parts

Marginal gingiva: bordering the tooth.
Sulcus: the groove between the tooth and marginal gingiva.
Attached gingiva: gingiva proper, firmly bound to the tooth.
Interdental gingiva: between the teeth.

Epithelial Junction (Dentogingival Junction)

It's the boundary between the oral cavity and underlying tissues.
Located at the bottom of the gingival sulcus.
Composed of 10-30 layers of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Consists of basal and suprabasal cells.

Cementum

Covers the anatomical root.
Acellular cementum: cementoblasts remain on the surface.
Afibrillar
Extrinsic fibers
Cellular cementum: cementoblasts integrate into the matrix (lacunae). After mineralization, are called cementocytes.
Intrinsic fibers

Development of Cementum

Cementoblasts differentiate from the dental follicle.
Epithelial cell rests (Malassez) may linger after complete development, influencing periodontal regeneration.

Sharpeys Fibers

Primarily present in acellular extrinsic fiber cementum.
Important for resilient attachment of the tooth.

Periodontal Ligament (PDL)

PDL is a specialized connective tissue.
It links the root and alveolar bone.
Contains type I collagen fibers (Sharpey's fibers), helping to absorb masticatory forces.
Contains cells for force distribution, shock absorption, and proprioception.
Sharpeys fibers are arranged into bundles:
Transseptal
Interradicular
Apical
Oblique
Horizontal
Alveolar crest

Alveolar Bone

Alveolar bone has basic histological structures similar to other bones but with distinctive layers.
The layers are cortical compact bone, alveolar bone proper (lamina dura), and trabecular bone.

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Description

Explore the fascinating anatomy of teeth and periodontal tissues, focusing on their morphology and function in different vertebrates. This quiz delves into the differences between homodont and heterodont dentition, as well as the unique root structures and movements associated with these dental forms.