Anatomy of Synovial Joints and the Shoulder Joint

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Questions and Answers

What determines the direction and distance of movement at joints?

Joint structure (correct)

Muscle attachment

Type of cartilage

Joint strength

Which type of joint is classified as immovable?

Amphiarthrosis

Synovial

Diarthrosis

Synarthrosis (correct)

What happens to joint strength as mobility increases?

It fluctuates

It stays the same

It decreases (correct)

It increases

Which of the following describes slightly movable joints?

Amphiarthrosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is also referred to as a synovial joint?

Diarthrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding synarthrotic joints?

They have fibrous or cartilaginous connections Signup and view all the answers

What may occur to synarthroses over time?

Fuse together Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synarthrotic joint is characterized by the interlocking edges of bones?

Suture Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is characterized by immovable connections between bones?

Synarthrotic joints Signup and view all the answers

What type of amphiarthrotic joint involves bones connected by ligaments?

Syndesmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for reducing friction in synovial joints?

Synovial fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of a dislocation in a synovial joint?

Damage to articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which angular motion reduces the angle between two body parts?

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of menisci in the knee joint?

Cushion the joint Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for movement in multiple planes and is commonly referred to as a ball-and-socket joint?

Synovial joint Signup and view all the answers

Medial rotation of a limb refers to which type of movement?

Rotation toward the limb's axis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of synovial joints?

Periosteum Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is characterized by two surfaces sliding past each other?

Gliding joint Signup and view all the answers

What special movement occurs when you point your toes downward?

Plantar flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which structure helps to stabilize synovial joints by preventing excessive movement?

Ligaments Signup and view all the answers

During which joint movement would the arm be moved away from the body?

Abduction Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint allows for limited motion and involves flattened or slightly curved surfaces?

Gliding joint Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type is characterized by rotation only and is classified as monaxial?

Pivot joint Signup and view all the answers

What type of synovial joint allows for movement in two planes?

Ellipsoid joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the knee's menisci?

To cushion and stabilize the joint Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is known to have the least stability but allows the greatest range of motion?

Shoulder joint Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?

Ball-and-socket joint Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is NOT associated with the shoulder joint?

Pubofemoral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the condition caused by uric acid or calcium salts forming in the synovial fluid?

Gouty arthritis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis?

Involves autoimmune responses Signup and view all the answers

How many articulations are there in the knee joint?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is part of the knee joint structure?

Tibial collateral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of hinge joints?

Allow angular motion in one plane Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement do saddle joints allow?

Biaxial movement Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arthritis is mainly caused by the wear and tear of joint surfaces?

Osteoarthritis Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not part of the shoulder ligaments?

Popliteal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Synovial Joints

Gliding Joints: Flattened or slightly curved faces, limited motion (nonaxial).
Hinge Joints: Angular motion in a single plane (monaxial).
Pivot Joints: Rotation only (monaxial).
Ellipsoid Joints: Oval articular face within a depression, motion in two planes (biaxial).
Saddle Joints: Straddled (biaxial).
Ball-and-socket Joints: Round articular face in a depression (triaxial).

The Shoulder Joint

Also called the glenohumeral joint.
Allows greater range of motion than any other joint.
Least stable.
Supported by skeletal muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
Includes the following ligaments: Glenohumeral, Coracohumeral, Coracoacromial, Coracoclavicular, Acromioclavicular.
Includes the following muscles (aka rotator cuff): Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis.
Includes the following bursae: Subacromial, Subcoracoid, Subdeltoid, Subscapular.
Ball-and-socket diarthrosis.
Consists of the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

The Elbow Joint

Stable and complex hinge joint.
Two articulations: Humero-ulnar joint and humero-radial joint.
Humero-ulnar joint: Largest articulation, trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna, limited movement.
Humero-radial joint: Smaller articulation, capitulum of humerus and head of radius.

The Hip Joint

Also called the coxal joint.
Strong ball-and-socket diarthrosis.
Wide range of motion.
Head of femur fits into the socket of the acetabulum, which is extended by the fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum.
Ligaments: Pubofemoral, Iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral, Transverse acetabular, Ligamentum teres.

The Knee Joint

A complicated hinge joint.
Transfers weight from the femur to the tibia.
Three articulations: two femur–tibia articulations (at medial and lateral condyles) and one between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur.
Menisci of the Knee: medial and lateral menisci; fibrous cartilage pads, at femur–tibia articulations, cushion and stabilize joint, give lateral support.
Locking knees: standing with legs straight "locks" knees by jamming the lateral meniscus between the tibia and femur.

The Knee Joint - Ligaments

Patellar ligament (anterior).
Two popliteal ligaments (posterior).
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (inside the joint capsule).
Tibial collateral ligament – MCL (medial).
Fibular collateral ligament – LCL (lateral).
Anterolateral ligament (ALL) - discovered in 2013.

Joint Pathology

Sprain: Partial or complete tearing of the ligaments and the capsule of a joint.
Strain: Tearing of a muscle, not the joint.
Rheumatism: Pain and stiffness of skeletal and muscular systems.
Arthritis: All forms of rheumatism that damage articular cartilages of synovial joints.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Chronic autoimmune disease, pain, swelling, stiffness, loss of function in joints.
Osteoarthritis: Caused by wear and tear of joint surfaces or genetic factors that affect collagen formation, generally in people over age 60.
Gouty Arthritis: Occurs when crystals (uric acid or Ca2+ salts) form within synovial fluid.

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Description

Explore the various types of synovial joints, including gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints. Learn about the shoulder joint's unique structure and its components such as ligaments, muscles, and bursae. This quiz delves into both functional characteristics and anatomical details for a comprehensive understanding.