Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the supraspinatus muscle during shoulder abduction?
What is the primary action of the supraspinatus muscle during shoulder abduction?
Which nerve supplies the infraspinatus muscle?
Which nerve supplies the infraspinatus muscle?
What is the insertion point for the teres minor muscle?
What is the insertion point for the teres minor muscle?
Which muscle is responsible for adducting the arm and rotating it laterally?
Which muscle is responsible for adducting the arm and rotating it laterally?
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What are the muscles connecting the upper limb with the vertebral column?
What are the muscles connecting the upper limb with the vertebral column?
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Which part of the deltoid muscle is responsible for flexing the arm?
Which part of the deltoid muscle is responsible for flexing the arm?
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What is the nerve supply for the deltoid muscle?
What is the nerve supply for the deltoid muscle?
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What is the primary function of the trapezius muscle?
What is the primary function of the trapezius muscle?
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Which head of the flexor digitorum superficialis originates from the medial epicondyle?
Which head of the flexor digitorum superficialis originates from the medial epicondyle?
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What is the primary action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
What is the primary action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
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Which nerve supplies the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Which nerve supplies the flexor digitorum superficialis?
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Where do the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis insert?
Where do the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis insert?
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Which muscle assists in flexion of the wrist joint along with the flexor carpi radialis?
Which muscle assists in flexion of the wrist joint along with the flexor carpi radialis?
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Which structure do the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis pass deep to?
Which structure do the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis pass deep to?
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What is the origin of the ulnar head of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
What is the origin of the ulnar head of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
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Which of the following muscles lies deeper than the flexor carpi radialis?
Which of the following muscles lies deeper than the flexor carpi radialis?
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Which muscle does the radial nerve lie on in the cubital fossa?
Which muscle does the radial nerve lie on in the cubital fossa?
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What does the radial nerve give off as it descends in the forearm?
What does the radial nerve give off as it descends in the forearm?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT supplied by the radial nerve?
Which of the following muscles is NOT supplied by the radial nerve?
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To which part of the hand does the radial nerve primarily supply sensation?
To which part of the hand does the radial nerve primarily supply sensation?
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What structure does the radial nerve wind around in the lower part of the forearm?
What structure does the radial nerve wind around in the lower part of the forearm?
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Which branch of the radial nerve provides motor function?
Which branch of the radial nerve provides motor function?
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What does the radial nerve supply in the upper arm?
What does the radial nerve supply in the upper arm?
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Which muscle is located lateral to the radial nerve in the forearm?
Which muscle is located lateral to the radial nerve in the forearm?
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What is the primary action of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?
What is the primary action of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the flexor digitorum profundus for the medial four fingers?
Which nerve supplies the flexor digitorum profundus for the medial four fingers?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for pronating the forearm?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for pronating the forearm?
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The flexor digitorum profundus acts on which joints?
The flexor digitorum profundus acts on which joints?
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What is the origin point of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?
What is the origin point of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?
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Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the lower 1/3 of the ulna?
Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the lower 1/3 of the ulna?
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What is the nerve supply for the flexor pollicis longus?
What is the nerve supply for the flexor pollicis longus?
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Which muscle binds the radius to the ulna?
Which muscle binds the radius to the ulna?
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What is the action of the extensor pollicis longus?
What is the action of the extensor pollicis longus?
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Which structure forms the floor of the anatomical snuff-box?
Which structure forms the floor of the anatomical snuff-box?
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Which nerve supplies the extensor indicis?
Which nerve supplies the extensor indicis?
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What do the boundaries of the anatomical snuff-box include laterally?
What do the boundaries of the anatomical snuff-box include laterally?
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Which two tendons are responsible for the extension of the thumb?
Which two tendons are responsible for the extension of the thumb?
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What structure crosses the floor of the anatomical snuff-box?
What structure crosses the floor of the anatomical snuff-box?
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Which structure is deep within the carpal tunnel?
Which structure is deep within the carpal tunnel?
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Which bone does the flexor retinaculum laterally attach to?
Which bone does the flexor retinaculum laterally attach to?
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What happens to the thenar eminence in the case of nerve lesions above the elbow?
What happens to the thenar eminence in the case of nerve lesions above the elbow?
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Which muscles are primarily affected by lesions above the elbow?
Which muscles are primarily affected by lesions above the elbow?
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What sensory loss is expected with a lesion just above the wrist?
What sensory loss is expected with a lesion just above the wrist?
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What is the deformity called when the thumb is hyperextended due to muscle paralysis?
What is the deformity called when the thumb is hyperextended due to muscle paralysis?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT affected by a lesion above the elbow?
Which of the following muscles is NOT affected by a lesion above the elbow?
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Where does the ulnar nerve arise from in the brachial plexus?
Where does the ulnar nerve arise from in the brachial plexus?
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What is the impact of a lesion above the elbow on the palmaris longus muscle?
What is the impact of a lesion above the elbow on the palmaris longus muscle?
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Which area experiences cutaneous supply loss due to a lesion above the elbow?
Which area experiences cutaneous supply loss due to a lesion above the elbow?
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Study Notes
Bones of the Upper Limb
- The upper limb consists of the shoulder girdle and 3 segments: the arm, forearm, and hand
- The shoulder girdle connects the limb to the trunk. It comprises two scapulae and two clavicles.
Clavicle
- Functions: Acts as a prop to allow the arm to swing away from the trunk and transmits part of the limb's weight to the trunk.
- Structure: Has a shaft and two ends, medial and lateral. The lateral third is flattened, and the medial two-thirds are cylindrical. It displays four surfaces.
- Superior surface: Smooth and subcutaneous. The sternomastoid takes origin from its medial third.
- Inferior surface: Rough medially for the costoclavicular ligament and laterally for the coracoclavicular ligament (conoid and trapezoid parts). A groove is present for the subclavius muscle.
- Anterior surface: Medially convex and laterally concave with attachment sites for muscles.
- Posterior surface: Has a reverse curvature of the anterior surface.
- Medial (sternal) end: Quadrangular in shape, articulates with the manubrium sterni to create the sternoclavicular joint. The articular disc and interclavicular ligament are attached here. Sternohyoid muscle is attached to its posterior surface.
- Lateral (acromial) end: Flattened, articulates with the acromion to form the acromioclavicular joint.
- Ossification: It's a long bone whose shaft ossifies in membrane. Its two ends ossify in cartilage. The first bone to begin ossification (5th week of intrauterine) is the clavicle, which fuses with the shaft at 25 years of age.
- Applied Anatomy: Its weakest point is where the two curves meet (medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3); this is where fractures commonly occur.
Scapula
- Shape: Triangular
- Borders: Upper, medial, and lateral
- Angles: Superior, lateral, and inferior
- Surfaces: Anterior (subscapular fossa) and posterior (supraspinous and infraspinous fossae).
- Upper border: Suprascapular notch(foramen) for suprascapular nerve and vessel passage.
- Medial border: Attachment sites for elevator scapulae, rhomboids, and serratus anterior.
- Lateral border: Attachment sites for teres minor, teres major, and long head of triceps.
- Anterior surface: subscapular fossa.
- Posterior surface: The spine runs from the superior angle to the inferior angle, dividing the surface into the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae.
- Applied Anatomy: The weakest point is at the lateral border, where fractures commonly occur.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the anatomy and functions of the shoulder and upper limb muscles, including their actions, nerve supplies, and insertion points. Test your knowledge on key muscles like the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and deltoid, among others. Perfect for anatomy students and professionals alike!
