Questions and Answers
What is the function of the retinacula?
What is the flexor retinaculum attached to medially?
What is the extensor retinaculum attached to laterally?
What is the function of the carpal tunnel?
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What is tendinitis?
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What is thrombosis?
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What is lymphangitis?
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What is bursitis?
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What is tennis elbow?
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What is a fracture?
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Study Notes
Retinacula
- Retinacula are strong bands of deep fascia that hold long tendons in position.
Flexor Retinaculum
- A thickening of deep fascia that holds the long flexor tendons in position at the wrist.
- Stretches across the front of the wrist, converting the concave anterior surface of the hand into an osteofascial tunnel, the carpal tunnel.
- Attached medially to the pisiform bone and hook of the hamate, and laterally to the tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium.
- Upper border corresponds to the distal transverse skin crease and is continuous with the deep fascia of the forearm.
- Lower border is attached to the palmar.
Extensor Retinaculum
- A thickening of deep fascia that holds the long extensor tendons in position.
- Stretches across the back of the wrist.
- Converts the grooves on the posterior surface of the distal ends of the radius and ulna into six separate tunnels.
- Each tunnel is lined with a synovial sheath, which extends above and below the retinaculum on tendons.
- Attached medially to the pisiform bone and hook of the hamate, and laterally to the distal end of the radius.
Structures on the Anterior Aspect of the Wrist
- Medial to lateral:
- Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, ending on pisiform bone.
- Ulnar nerve lies lateral to pisiform bone.
- Ulnar artery lies lateral to ulnar nerve.
- Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve.
- Palmaris longus tendon.
- Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve.
- Lateral to medial:
- Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons.
- Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus.
- Median nerve.
- Flexor pollicis longus tendon.
- Flexor carpi radialis tendon.
Winged Scapula
- Caused by paralysis of serratus anterior.
Thrombosis
- Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
Tendinitis
- Inflammation of a tendon.
Venipuncture and Blood Transfusion
- The process of obtaining intravenous access for intravenous therapy or blood sampling of venous blood.
Shock
- Circulatory shock, a life-threatening medical condition characterized by low blood perfusion to tissues, resulting in cellular injury and inadequate tissue function.
Lymphangitis
- Inflammation or infection of the lymphatic channels, occurring as a result of infection at a site distal to the channel.
Lymphadenitis
- Infection of the lymph nodes (also called lymph glands), a common complication of certain bacterial infections.
Bursitis
- Inflammation of one or more bursae (small sacs) of synovial fluid in the body.
Tennis Elbow
- Lateral epicondylitis, a condition in which the outer part of the elbow becomes sore and tender, characterized by acute or chronic inflammation of the tendons that join the forearm bones to the lateral epicondyle.
Golfer's Elbow
- Medial epicondylitis, tendinosis of the medial epicondyle of the elbow, similar to tennis elbow.
Fracture
- A break in the continuity of bone.
Dislocations
- Abnormal separation in a joint.
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Description
Learn about the retinacula, strong bands of deep fascia that hold long tendons in position, and the flexor retinaculum, a thickening of deep fascia that forms the carpal tunnel.
