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Questions and Answers
What structures pass through the foramen rotundum to reach the pterygopalatine fossa?
What structures pass through the foramen rotundum to reach the pterygopalatine fossa?
- Infra-orbital nerve
- Maxillary nerve (V2) (correct)
- Pterygopalatine ganglion
- Ganglionic branches
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen?
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen?
- Posterior superior alveolar nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve
- Nasopalatine nerve (correct)
- Pharyngeal nerve
Which nerve is not a branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Which nerve is not a branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
- Middle meningeal nerve
- Anterior deep temporal nerve (correct)
- Greater palatine nerve
- Septal branches
Through which opening do the branches of the maxillary artery enter the pterygopalatine fossa?
Through which opening do the branches of the maxillary artery enter the pterygopalatine fossa?
Which artery is considered the artery of the pterygoid canal?
Which artery is considered the artery of the pterygoid canal?
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the posterior superior alveolar region?
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the posterior superior alveolar region?
Which nerve is responsible for the motor function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Which nerve is responsible for the motor function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Which nerve carries both sensory and taste functions?
Which nerve carries both sensory and taste functions?
Which nerve is responsible for the motor function of the mylohyoid muscle?
Which nerve is responsible for the motor function of the mylohyoid muscle?
Which anatomical structure is the connection point for the pterygoid venous plexus?
Which anatomical structure is the connection point for the pterygoid venous plexus?
Which nerve branch is responsible for the sensory innervation of the posterior superior alveolar region?
Which nerve branch is responsible for the sensory innervation of the posterior superior alveolar region?
Which structure is associated with the parasympathetic innervation of the pterygoid venous plexus?
Which structure is associated with the parasympathetic innervation of the pterygoid venous plexus?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the maxillary nerve that originates from the pterygopalatine fossa?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the maxillary nerve that originates from the pterygopalatine fossa?
Which of the following arteries does NOT pass through the pterygopalatine fossa?
Which of the following arteries does NOT pass through the pterygopalatine fossa?
What is the function of the pterygopalatine ganglion located in the pterygopalatine fossa?
What is the function of the pterygopalatine ganglion located in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Which of the following nerves does NOT pass through the pterygopalatine fossa?
Which of the following nerves does NOT pass through the pterygopalatine fossa?
What is the main function of the maxillary artery as it passes through the pterygopalatine fossa?
What is the main function of the maxillary artery as it passes through the pterygopalatine fossa?
Which of the following is NOT a communication of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Which of the following is NOT a communication of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Which nerve passes through the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa?
Which nerve passes through the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa?
Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the pterygoid muscles in the infratemporal fossa?
Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the pterygoid muscles in the infratemporal fossa?
Where is the otic ganglion located in relation to the infratemporal fossa?
Where is the otic ganglion located in relation to the infratemporal fossa?
Which muscle attaches to the lateral pterygoid plate, forming part of the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa?
Which muscle attaches to the lateral pterygoid plate, forming part of the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa?
What is the function of the pterygoid plexus located in the infratemporal fossa?
What is the function of the pterygoid plexus located in the infratemporal fossa?
Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the maxillary artery?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the maxillary artery?
The mandibular nerve (V3) is a branch of which nerve?
The mandibular nerve (V3) is a branch of which nerve?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the pterygoid artery?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the pterygoid artery?
Which of the following is a branch of the pterygopalatine artery?
Which of the following is a branch of the pterygopalatine artery?
Which of the following is a branch of the mandibular nerve (V3)?
Which of the following is a branch of the mandibular nerve (V3)?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the maxillary nerve (V2)?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the maxillary nerve (V2)?
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Study Notes
Pterygopalatine Fossa
- Located deep to the infratemporal fossa and inferior to the apex of the orbit
- Boundaries:
- Anterior wall: tuber maxilla
- Posterior wall: anterior surface of pterygoid process
- Medial wall: perpendicular lamina of the palatine bone
- Lateral wall: pterygomaxillary fissure
- Roof: greater wing of sphenoid
- Floor: pyramidal process of palatine bone
- Contents:
- Maxillary artery
- Maxillary nerve
- Pterygopalatine ganglion
- Ant. Deep Temporal
- Post. Deep Temporal
- Infra-orbital
- Sphenopalatine
- V3
- Septal branches
- Maxillary
- Ext. Carotid
- Middle Meningeal
- Descending palatine
- Greater palatine
- Lesser palatine
- Ext. Carotid
- Post. Sup. Alveolar
- Inf. Alveolar
Maxillary Nerve (V2)
- Pure sensory nerve, divided into three ramifications:
- Zygomatic nerve
- Infraorbital nerve branches
- Pterygopalatine nerve
- Communications of Pterygopalatine Fossa:
- Laterally: infratemporal fossa through pterygomaxillary fissure
- Medially: nasal cavity through sphenopalatine foramen
- Anteriorly: orbit through inferior orbital fissure
- Posterosuperiorly: middle cranial fossa through foramen rotundum
Mandibular Nerve (V3)
- Mixed nerve, leaving the skull through foramen ovale
- Branches:
- Anterior division: all motor nerves except buccal nerve
- Posterior division: all sensory nerves except mylohyoid nerve
- Deep temporal nerve (motor)
- Lateral pterygoid nerve (motor)
- Masseteric nerve (motor)
- Buccal nerve (sensory)
Pterygoid Venous Plexus
- Located around the pterygoid muscle
- Connections to:
- Maxillary vein
- Deep facial vein
- Inferior ophthalmic vein
- Cavernous sinus (in the cranial cavity)
Infratemporal Fossa
- Boundaries:
- Lateral wall: ramus of the mandibula
- Medial wall: lateral pterygoid plate
- Anterior wall: infratemporal surface of maxilla
- Posterior wall: anterior surface of condylar process of mandibula
- Contents:
- Medial pterygoid muscle
- Lateral pterygoid muscle
- Mandibular nerve
- Maxillary vein
- Otic ganglion
- Pterygoid plexus
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