Anatomy of Pharynx and Esophagus Quiz

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What is the role of the cardiac sphincter?

It helps in absorbing nutrients from food

It is responsible for producing mucus in the stomach

It secretes digestive enzymes

It controls the movement of food from the esophagus to the stomach (correct)

Which layer of the esophagus facilitates peristalsis?

Epiglottis

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis externa (correct)

Which part of the pharynx/esophagus is lined with stratified squamous epithelium?

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx (correct)

Muscularis externa

Submucosa

Which layer of the esophagus contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and glands?

Submucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the esophageal glands in the esophagus?

Produce mucus to lubricate bolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the valve that connects the esophagus to the stomach called?

Cardiac Sphincter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a region of the stomach?

Antrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rugae in the stomach lining?

To allow for expansion and increased surface area for digestion and absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the digestive system?

Serosa Signup and view all the answers

How does the esophagus operate in relation to the passage of food?

It dilates to accommodate the passage of food and constricts once the food has passed through Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for the mechanical and chemical digestion of proteins?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine is responsible for most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gallbladder in the digestive process?

Aids in fat digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which organ in the digestive system is responsible for neutralizing acidic chyme from the stomach?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Which sphincter controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach?

Cardiac Sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ileum?

Further absorption of nutrients, including vitamin B12 and bile salts Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

To increase surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hepatic portal circulation?

It transports nutrients from the small intestine to the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the large intestine?

5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 meters) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Absorption of water and electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the reflexive action of reverse peristalsis in the stomach?

Presence of excessive food in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine is responsible for mixing partially digested food with pancreatic juices and bile?

Duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cardiac sphincter in the digestive system?

Preventing backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of villi in the small intestine?

Absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which structural modification in the small intestine provides a huge surface area for nutrient absorption?

Plica (Circular folds) Signup and view all the answers

Where does digestion begin with both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which food is transported from the pharynx to the stomach?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common passage for both air and food?

Pharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cardiac sphincter in the digestive system?

Prevent backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the digestive system consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine?

Mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach?

To store and churn food with gastric juices before passing it to the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the stomach contracts and relaxes to churn and mix food with gastric juices?

Segmentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cardiac sphincter?

To prevent the backflow of food from the stomach into the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main layers of the digestive system?

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the digestive system contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels?