Anatomy of Maxilla
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Questions and Answers

Explain the function of tarsal glands in the eyelids.

Tarsal glands are embedded in the tarsi and produce lipid secretion to keep the eyelids from sticking together.

What is the role of eyelashes in the eye?

Eyelashes act as feelers sensing approaching dangers such as bugs or fingers and are lubricated by ciliary glands.

Describe the function of the Levator Palpebrae superiors muscle.

The Levator Palpebrae superiors muscle elevates the upper eyelid and is innervated by CN III.

How many bones make up the neurocranum?

<p>The neurocranum is made up of 8 bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 special senses and their corresponding receptors?

<p>The 5 special senses are smell (olfaction) with olfactory receptors, taste (gustation) with gustatory receptors, vision with photoreceptors, hearing with hair cells of the cochlea, and equilibrium with hair cells of the ampulla &amp; maculae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name 3 important openings of the sphenoid bone and the cranial nerves that pass through them.

<p>The important openings of the sphenoid bone are the optic foramen (CN II), superior orbital fissure (CN III, IV, VI), and foramen rotundum (CN V).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major parts of the ethmoid bone?

<p>The major parts of the ethmoid bone are the cribriform plates, ethmoidal labyrinth, and perpendicular plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tonsils in the oral cavity and pharynx?

<p>The tonsils play a role in immune function and protection from infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharynx?

<p>The pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food, extending from the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis?

<p>The epiglottis functions to protect the larynx from food and allows food to pass into the esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of the hyoid bone?

<p>The hyoid bone is unique in the body for not articulating with another bone and provides support for the larynx and airway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the larynx?

<p>The larynx connects the oropharynx with the trachea and plays a role in swallowing and guarding air passages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of swallowing called?

<p>Swallowing (deglutition) involves the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases and is facilitated by the teeth, tongue, larynx, and esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temporomandibular joint and its function?

<p>The temporomandibular joint is the most active joint in the human body and is formed by the articulation of the temporal bone and mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three muscles of mastication and their function.

<p>Muscles of mastication, including the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid, are responsible for elevating the mandible and closing the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the necessary functions of neck muscles?

<p>Neck muscles, such as the sternocleidomastoid and scalene, are necessary for neck movement, chewing, swallowing, and facial expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do lymph nodes in the head and neck region play?

<p>Lymph nodes in the head and neck region play a critical role in filtering lymphatic fluid and fighting infection, with specific drainage patterns for different areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cervical fascial spaces?

<p>Cervical fascial spaces hold muscles of the neck in their respective compartments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bones compose the bony socket of the orbit?

<p>The orbit is composed of seven bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three layers that compose the globe?

<p>The globe is composed of three layers with fluid and gel-like substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the structures included in the outer layer of the globe.

<p>The outer layer of the globe includes the sclera, cornea, and conjunctiva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are contained in the middle layer of the globe?

<p>The middle layer contains the choroid, ciliary body, and iris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What controls the size of the pupil in the eye?

<p>The iris contains two involuntary muscles that control the size of the pupil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inner layer of the globe?

<p>The inner layer of the globe is the retina, which contains photoreceptors and associated neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chambers does the eye have?

<p>The eye has three chambers: anterior, posterior, and vitreous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the aqueous humor in the eye?

<p>Aqueous humor nourishes the iris, lens, and cornea and maintains intraocular pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of the vitreous humor in the eye.

<p>The vitreous humor is jelly-like and supports the lens and maintains the eye shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many extraocular muscles control eye movement?

<p>Eye movement is controlled by six extraocular muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the orbit and retina?

<p>The ophthalmic artery, a branch of the internal carotid artery, supplies the orbit and retina, with the central retinal artery being the most important branch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

<p>The nasal cavity serves functions such as smell, respiration, and filtration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bones form the nasal septum?

<p>The nasal septum consists of bony and cartilaginous parts, including the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer bone, and septal cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

<p>The paranasal sinuses lighten the weight of the skull and are palpable during a physical exam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the sense of smell processed?

<p>The sense of smell is processed in the cerebrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the middle ear?

<p>The middle ear consists of the tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, and the pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the inner ear?

<p>The inner ear consists of the bony labyrinth, cochlea, semicircular canals, and the membranous labyrinth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is equilibrium maintained in the body?

<p>Equilibrium is maintained through the vestibule, saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerves are responsible for the nerve supply to the ear?

<p>Various cranial nerves, including CNV, CNVIII, and CNIX, are responsible for hearing, balance, and the sensory innervation of the ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the oral cavity?

<p>The oral cavity contains openings for salivary gland ducts and has deciduous and permanent teeth innervated by the trigeminal nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the external nose?

<p>The external nose comprises cartilage, skin, and nerve supply from the trigeminal nerve (CNV1).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the olfactory epithelium in olfaction?

<p>Olfaction involves the olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerves, bulbs, and tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is sound amplified in the middle ear?

<p>The middle ear amplifies sound through the tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, and the pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Maxilla Bone Processes

Parts of the maxilla bone that connect to other bones, forming the upper jaw and the oral margin where teeth are located.

Nose Functions

The nose has roles in smell, breathing, and filtering air.

External Nose Structure

The external nose is made up of cartilage, skin, and is supplied by the trigeminal nerve.

Nasal Cavity Division

The nasal cavity is split into two parts by the nasal septum.

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Nasal Septum

Wall separating the nasal chambers, made of bone and cartilage.

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Nasal Septum Components

Includes the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, vomer, and septal cartilage.

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Paranasal Sinuses

Hollow spaces in the skull that lighten its weight.

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Paranasal Sinuses Location

Ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses are examples.

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Olfaction

Process of smelling, involving the olfactory epithelium and other structures.

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Olfactory Structures

Structures involved in olfaction include epithelium, nerves, bulbs and tract.

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Oral Cavity Lining

Inside of the mouth is lined with a mucous membrane.

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Salivary Gland Ducts

Openings in the oral cavity that carry saliva.

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Deciduous Teeth

Baby teeth.

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Permanent Teeth

Adult teeth.

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Trigeminal Nerve

Nerve supplying the oral cavity and teeth.

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External Ear Parts

Composed of the auricle, external auditory meatus, and tympanic membrane

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Middle Ear Function

Amplifies sound through the eardrum, ossicles, and Eustachian tube.

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Inner Ear Structures

Contains the bony labyrinth, cochlea, semicircular canals, and membranous labyrinth.

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Equilibrium Maintenance

Maintained by the vestibule, saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals

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Cranial Nerves and Ear

CNV, CNVIII, and CNIX innervate the ear.

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Study Notes

Anatomy of the Maxilla, Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses

  • The maxilla bone has various processes that connect with other bones and forms the oral margin containing upper teeth.
  • The nose lies superior to the hard palate and includes the external nose and nasal cavity, serving functions such as smell, respiration, and filtration.
  • The external nose comprises cartilage, skin, and nerve supply from the trigeminal nerve (CNV1).
  • The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum and communicates posteriorly with the nasopharynx, lined with a mucous membrane.
  • The nasal septum divides the nasal chamber into two cavities and consists of bony and cartilaginous parts, including the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer bone, and septal cartilage.
  • The paranasal sinuses, including the ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses, lighten the weight of the skull and are palpable during a physical exam.
  • Olfaction involves the olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerves, bulbs, and tract, and the sense of smell is processed in the cerebrum.
  • The ear comprises the external, middle, and inner ear, with the external ear consisting of the auricle, external auditory meatus, and tympanic membrane.
  • The middle ear amplifies sound through the tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, and the pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube.
  • The inner ear consists of the bony labyrinth, cochlea, semicircular canals, and the membranous labyrinth, which serves acoustic and vestibular functions.
  • Equilibrium is maintained through the vestibule, saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals, which detect movement and angular movements of the body.
  • The nerve supply to the ear involves various cranial nerves, including CNV, CNVIII, and CNIX, which are responsible for hearing, balance, and the sensory innervation of the ear.
  • The oral cavity is lined with a mucous membrane, contains openings for salivary gland ducts, and has deciduous and permanent teeth innervated by the trigeminal nerve.

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Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the maxilla, nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and ear with this informative quiz. Explore the structures, functions, and nerve supply of these crucial components of the head and neck region.

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