38 Questions
Which ligament becomes tense during extension?
Iliofemoral
Which artery is responsible for blood supply to the hip joint?
All of the above
What is the function of the ligamentum teres?
To connect the transverse acetubular ligament to the fovea of the head of femur
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Condyloid, Biaxial, complex joint
Which nerve supplies the quadratus femoris?
Nerve to quadratus femoris
What is the weakest ligament of the hip joint?
ISCHIOFEMORAL ligament
Where is the ISCHIOFEMORAL ligament attached medially?
To the ischium just below the acetabulum
Which ligament reinforces the posterior aspect of the fibrous membrane?
ISCHIOFEMORAL
What structure is the posterior cruciate ligament attached to on the posterior surface of the tibia?
The intercondylar area
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
To prevent anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
In which plane do the cruciate ligaments cross each other?
Sagittal plane
Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach to on the femur?
The lateral condyle
What is the relationship between the cruciate ligaments and the fibrous membrane?
They are separated from the fibrous membrane by a bursa
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
To prevent posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
Where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach to on the tibia?
The intercondylar area
In which region of the knee are the cruciate ligaments located?
The intercondylar region
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
Synovial, uniaxial, hinge joint
What muscles are involved in flexion of the knee joint?
Hamstrings, sartorius, and gracilis
What is the function of the locking mechanism in the knee joint?
To reduce the amount of muscle work
Which nerve supplies the knee joint?
All of the above
What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?
Ball and socket joint
What is the type of movement that occurs in the knee joint during locking?
Medial rotation of the femur
Which of the following muscles is involved in the flexion of the hip joint?
Iliopsoas
What is the function of the ligamentum teres of the head of femur?
Reinforcing and stabilizing the hip joint
What is the name of the ligament that provides medial stability to the ankle joint?
Deltoid ligament
Which of the following ligaments is the strongest in the body?
Iliofemoral ligament
What is the movement of the hip joint that involves the gluteus medius and minimus muscles?
Abduction
Which of the following muscles is involved in the extension of the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus
What is the articular surface of the hip joint that forms the socket?
Lunate surface of the acetabulum
What is the type of movement that involves a combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction of the hip joint?
Circumduction
Which of the following ligaments connects the talus to the navicular bone?
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
What is the movement that turns the sole of the foot medially?
Inversion
Which muscle is responsible for the movement of eversion?
Peroneus longus
What is the name of the joint that articulates between the talus and the calcaneus?
Subtalar joint
Which ligament connects the talus to the fibula?
Talofibular ligament
What is the name of the ligament that connects the calcaneus to the navicular bone?
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
Which muscle is responsible for the movement of inversion?
Tibialis anterior
Where do the movements of eversion and inversion occur?
Subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints
Study Notes
Hip Joint
- Type: Synovial, polyaxial, ball and socket joint
- Articular surfaces: spherical head of the femur and lunate surface of the acetabulum
- Movements:
- Flexion (iliopsoas, sartorius, rectus femoris, and pectineus)
- Extension (gluteus maximus, hamstrings)
- Abduction (gluteus medius and minimus)
- Adduction (adductor longus, brevis, and magnus)
- Medial and lateral rotation (gluteus medius and minimus, small lateral rotators)
- Circumduction
- Ligaments:
- Iliofemoral ligament (strongest ligament in the body, becomes tense during extension, prevents hyperextension)
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament (weakest ligament of the hip joint)
- Transverse acetabular ligament
- Ligamentum teres of the head of the femur
- Blood supply:
- Superior gluteal artery
- Inferior gluteal artery
- Obturator artery
- Lateral circumflex femoral artery
- Medial circumflex femoral artery
- Nerve supply:
- Superior gluteal nerve
- Nerve to quadratus femoris
Knee Joint
- Type: Synovial, biaxial, condyloid joint
- Articular surfaces: condyles of the femur and tibia
- Movements:
- Flexion (hamstrings, sartorius, and gracilis)
- Extension (quadriceps femoris)
- Rotation (limited, medial and lateral)
- Cruciate ligaments:
- Anterior cruciate ligament (prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur)
- Posterior cruciate ligament (restricts posterior displacement)
- Locking mechanism:
- Medial rotation of the femur on the tibia during extension
- Tightens associated ligaments, locking the knee into position
- Blood supply:
- Femoral artery
- Popliteal artery
- Nerve supply:
- Anterior tibial nerve
- Common peroneal nerve
Ankle Joint
- Type: Synovial, uniaxial, hinge joint
- Articular surfaces: talus and tibia, fibula
- Movements:
- Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
- Ligaments:
- Medial (deltoid) ligament
- Lateral ligaments (anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments, calcaneofibular ligament)
- Blood supply:
- Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
- Nerve supply:
- Anterior tibial nerve
- Posterior tibial nerve
Subtalar Joint
- Articulation between the talus and calcaneus
- Allows gliding and rotation movements
Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
- Complex joint between the talus, calcaneus, and navicular
- Allows gliding and rotation movements
Eversion and Inversion
- Movements occur in the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints
- Inversion: movement that turns the sole of the foot medially (done by tibialis anterior and posterior muscles)
- Eversion: movement that turns the sole of the foot laterally (done by peroneus longus, brevis, and tertius muscles)
This quiz covers the anatomy of joints in the lower limb, including nerve and blood supply, articular parts, ligaments, and movements. Identify and classify the types of each joint.
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