Podcast
Questions and Answers
In the case of a nutrient artery obstruction, which system takes over to meet the nutritional needs of the diaphysis and metaphysis?
In the case of a nutrient artery obstruction, which system takes over to meet the nutritional needs of the diaphysis and metaphysis?
Periosteal vessels
What is the primary function of the epiphyseal vessels in skeletal growth?
What is the primary function of the epiphyseal vessels in skeletal growth?
Supplying nutrition to the growing cartilage
How does muscle contraction affect blood flow in the bone?
How does muscle contraction affect blood flow in the bone?
It milks blood outward, giving rise to a centrifugal pattern of flow
What is the route taken by the nutrient artery to supply the cortex?
What is the route taken by the nutrient artery to supply the cortex?
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What is the role of the veins in the cortical periosteum?
What is the role of the veins in the cortical periosteum?
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What happens to the epiphyseal vessels in adults?
What happens to the epiphyseal vessels in adults?
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What is the primary source of nutrition for the growing cartilage in the epiphyses?
What is the primary source of nutrition for the growing cartilage in the epiphyses?
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How do the periosteal vessels and nutrient-artery systems interact in the diaphysis and metaphysis?
How do the periosteal vessels and nutrient-artery systems interact in the diaphysis and metaphysis?
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What is the direction of blood flow resulting from muscle contraction in the bone?
What is the direction of blood flow resulting from muscle contraction in the bone?
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Through which structures do the nutrient artery and periosteal vessels supply the cortex?
Through which structures do the nutrient artery and periosteal vessels supply the cortex?
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What is the location of the ring of arteries that supply the epiphyses?
What is the location of the ring of arteries that supply the epiphyses?
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In which area do the epiphyseal vessels become connected to the other two systems in adults?
In which area do the epiphyseal vessels become connected to the other two systems in adults?
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What is the route taken by the veins that drain blood from the bone?
What is the route taken by the veins that drain blood from the bone?
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What is the function of the periosteal vessels in the event of nutrient artery obstruction?
What is the function of the periosteal vessels in the event of nutrient artery obstruction?
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What is the significance of the epiphyseal vessels in skeletal growth?
What is the significance of the epiphyseal vessels in skeletal growth?
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Study Notes
Blood Supply to Long Bones
- A typical long bone has three separate blood supply systems: nutrient artery, periosteal vessels, and epiphyseal vessels.
Nutrient Artery
- Passes through the cortex into the medullary cavity
- Ramifies outward through haversian and Volkmann canals to supply the cortex
- Nourishes primarily the diaphysis and metaphysis
Periosteal Vessels
- Extensive vessels in the periosteum (membrane surrounding the bone)
- Supply the superficial layers of the cortex
- Connect with the nutrient-artery system
- Capable of meeting the needs of both systems in case of nutrient artery obstruction
Epiphyseal Vessels
- Form a ring of arteries entering the bone between the growth plate and joint capsule
- Supply the epiphyses
- No connection with the other two systems while the growth plate is open, making them the sole source of nutrition for growing cartilage
- Essential for skeletal growth
- In adults, connect with the other two systems at the metaphyseal-epiphyseal junction
Blood Drainage
- Veins run parallel with the arterial supply
- Veins leave the cortical periosteum through muscle insertions
- Muscle contraction causes centrifugal flow from the axial nutrient artery through the cortex and out through muscle attachments
Blood Supply to Long Bones
- A typical long bone receives blood from three separate systems: nutrient artery, periosteal vessels, and epiphyseal vessels.
- The nutrient artery supplies the diaphysis and metaphysis, passing through the cortex and into the medullary cavity, then branching out through haversian and Volkmann canals to supply the cortex.
Nutrient Artery System
- The nutrient artery is the primary source of blood supply to the diaphysis and metaphysis.
- In the event of obstruction, periosteal vessels can compensate for the nutrient artery system.
Periosteal Vessels
- Extensive vessels in the periosteum supply the superficial layers of the cortex.
- These vessels connect with the nutrient artery system.
Epiphyseal Vessels
- The epiphyses have a separate system of blood supply, consisting of a ring of arteries entering the bone between the growth plate and joint capsule.
- In adults, these vessels connect with the nutrient artery and periosteal vessels at the metaphyseal-epiphyseal junction.
- In growing bones, epiphyseal vessels are the sole source of nutrition for the growing cartilage, making them essential for skeletal growth.
Blood Drainage
- Blood drainage occurs through a system of veins parallel to the arterial supply.
- Additional veins drain blood from the cortical periosteum through muscle insertions.
- Muscle contraction helps to push blood outward, creating a centrifugal pattern of flow from the axial nutrient artery through the cortex and out through muscle attachments.
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Description
Learn about the blood supply systems of a typical long bone, including the nutrient artery, periosteal vessels, and epiphyseal vessels.
