Anatomy of Ligaments in Abdominal Organs
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Questions and Answers

What is the posterior relation of the body of the pancreas?

  • Right kidney, renal vessels, and adrenal gland
  • Aorta, splenic vein, and left kidney (correct)
  • Stomach, small intestine, and liver
  • Diaphragm, spleen, and ascending colon

    • What is the name of the duct that is found in the pancreatic system?

  • Pancreatic duct of Wirsung (correct)
  • Bile duct
  • Accessory pancreatic duct of Santorini
  • Gastroduodenal duct

    • Which of the following arteries supplies the pancreas?

  • Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • Splenic artery
  • Gastroduodenal artery
  • Splenic and superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (correct)

    • What is the omental bursa?

    <p>A peritoneal recess between the stomach and pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pancreas extends into the lienorenal ligament?

    <p>Tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the common bile duct?

    <p>Carries bile from the liver to the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that connects the spleen to the pancreas?

    <p>Lienorenal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT related to the posterior surface of the pancreas?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that supplies the pancreas and duodenum?

    <p>Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pancreas is covered by peritoneum?

    <p>Tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Here are the study notes for the provided text:

    Peritoneal Ligaments and Folds

    • Splenorenal ligament connects left kidney to spleen
    • Gastrophrenic ligament connects stomach to diaphragm
    • Gastrosplenic ligament connects stomach to spleen
    • Gastrorenal ligament connects stomach to kidney
    • Gastrocolic ligament connects stomach to transverse colon
    • Falciform ligament connects liver to anterior abdominal wall
    • Hepatogastric ligament connects stomach to liver
    • Hepatoduodenal ligament connects duodenum to liver

    Peritoneal Folds and Fossae

    • Peritoneal fold: a reflection of peritoneum raised from the body wall by underlying blood vessels, ducts, and ligaments
    • Peritoneal recess or fossa: a pouch of peritoneum formed by a peritoneal fold
    • Examples: supravesical, medial and lateral inguinal fossae between the umbilical folds

    Subdivisions of Peritoneal Cavity

    • Greater sac: larger portion, further divided into two compartments by the mesentery of transverse colon
      • Supracolic: above the transverse mesocolon, contains stomach, liver, and spleen
      • Infracolic: below the transverse mesocolon, contains small intestine, ascending and descending colon
    • Lesser sac: posterior to the stomach, liver, and lesser omentum, connected to the greater sac via the epiploic foramen

    Innervation of Peritoneum

    • Parietal peritoneum: similar to the anterior abdominal wall, except for some central parts that receive additional innervation from phrenic nerves where it relates to the diaphragm
    • Visceral peritoneum: similar to the abdominal viscera, insensitive to pain except for the mesentery of small and large intestine, which is sensitive to mechanical stretching

    Clinical Relevance

    • Sampling of peritoneal fluid: culdocentesis (extraction of fluid from the rectouterine pouch) and paracentesis (draining fluid from the peritoneal cavity)
    • Disorders of peritoneal cavity: ascites (accumulation of excess fluid) and peritonitis (infection and inflammation of the peritoneum)

    Abdominal Viscera

    • Include the majority of the alimentary system: esophagus, stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and suprarenal glands

    Division of Abdominal Viscera

    • Foregut: lower part of esophagus, stomach, and first part of duodenum (plus liver and pancreas)
    • Midgut: remainder of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending and right two-thirds of transverse colon
    • Hindgut: remainder of transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal

    Esophagus

    • Abdominal part of esophagus: passes through the esophageal hiatus in the right crus of the diaphragm
    • Relations: anteriorly to the left lobe of the liver, posteriorly to the aorta and left crus of the diaphragm

    Stomach

    • Divided into the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part
    • Interior of stomach: smooth surface, gastric folds (rugae) that disappear when the stomach is distended
    • Relationships: anteriorly to the liver, diaphragm, and anterior abdominal wall, posteriorly to the pancreas, left kidney, and suprarenal gland

    Innervation and Blood Supply of Stomach

    • Innervation: parasympathetic by the vagus nerve and sympathetic by the celiac ganglia
    • Blood supply: rich arterial supply from the celiac trunk and its branches

    Clinical Relevance of Stomach Disorders

    • Barrett's esophagus: metaplasia of esophageal squamous epithelium to gastric columnar epithelium
    • Esophageal carcinoma: dysphagia and weight loss
    • Esophageal varices: abnormal dilated submucosal veins at the site of porto-systemic anastomosis

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    Description

    Identify the connections between abdominal organs through different ligaments. Learn about the splenorenal, gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, and more.

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