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Questions and Answers
What is the posterior relation of the body of the pancreas?
What is the name of the duct that is found in the pancreatic system?
Which of the following arteries supplies the pancreas?
What is the omental bursa?
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Which part of the pancreas extends into the lienorenal ligament?
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What is the function of the common bile duct?
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What is the name of the structure that connects the spleen to the pancreas?
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Which of the following structures is NOT related to the posterior surface of the pancreas?
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What is the name of the artery that supplies the pancreas and duodenum?
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Which part of the pancreas is covered by peritoneum?
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Study Notes
Here are the study notes for the provided text:
Peritoneal Ligaments and Folds
- Splenorenal ligament connects left kidney to spleen
- Gastrophrenic ligament connects stomach to diaphragm
- Gastrosplenic ligament connects stomach to spleen
- Gastrorenal ligament connects stomach to kidney
- Gastrocolic ligament connects stomach to transverse colon
- Falciform ligament connects liver to anterior abdominal wall
- Hepatogastric ligament connects stomach to liver
- Hepatoduodenal ligament connects duodenum to liver
Peritoneal Folds and Fossae
- Peritoneal fold: a reflection of peritoneum raised from the body wall by underlying blood vessels, ducts, and ligaments
- Peritoneal recess or fossa: a pouch of peritoneum formed by a peritoneal fold
- Examples: supravesical, medial and lateral inguinal fossae between the umbilical folds
Subdivisions of Peritoneal Cavity
- Greater sac: larger portion, further divided into two compartments by the mesentery of transverse colon
- Supracolic: above the transverse mesocolon, contains stomach, liver, and spleen
- Infracolic: below the transverse mesocolon, contains small intestine, ascending and descending colon
- Lesser sac: posterior to the stomach, liver, and lesser omentum, connected to the greater sac via the epiploic foramen
Innervation of Peritoneum
- Parietal peritoneum: similar to the anterior abdominal wall, except for some central parts that receive additional innervation from phrenic nerves where it relates to the diaphragm
- Visceral peritoneum: similar to the abdominal viscera, insensitive to pain except for the mesentery of small and large intestine, which is sensitive to mechanical stretching
Clinical Relevance
- Sampling of peritoneal fluid: culdocentesis (extraction of fluid from the rectouterine pouch) and paracentesis (draining fluid from the peritoneal cavity)
- Disorders of peritoneal cavity: ascites (accumulation of excess fluid) and peritonitis (infection and inflammation of the peritoneum)
Abdominal Viscera
- Include the majority of the alimentary system: esophagus, stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and suprarenal glands
Division of Abdominal Viscera
- Foregut: lower part of esophagus, stomach, and first part of duodenum (plus liver and pancreas)
- Midgut: remainder of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending and right two-thirds of transverse colon
- Hindgut: remainder of transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal
Esophagus
- Abdominal part of esophagus: passes through the esophageal hiatus in the right crus of the diaphragm
- Relations: anteriorly to the left lobe of the liver, posteriorly to the aorta and left crus of the diaphragm
Stomach
- Divided into the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part
- Interior of stomach: smooth surface, gastric folds (rugae) that disappear when the stomach is distended
- Relationships: anteriorly to the liver, diaphragm, and anterior abdominal wall, posteriorly to the pancreas, left kidney, and suprarenal gland
Innervation and Blood Supply of Stomach
- Innervation: parasympathetic by the vagus nerve and sympathetic by the celiac ganglia
- Blood supply: rich arterial supply from the celiac trunk and its branches
Clinical Relevance of Stomach Disorders
- Barrett's esophagus: metaplasia of esophageal squamous epithelium to gastric columnar epithelium
- Esophageal carcinoma: dysphagia and weight loss
- Esophageal varices: abnormal dilated submucosal veins at the site of porto-systemic anastomosis
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Description
Identify the connections between abdominal organs through different ligaments. Learn about the splenorenal, gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, and more.
