Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which component is NOT found in a typical synovial joint?
Which component is NOT found in a typical synovial joint?
- Synovial tendons (correct)
- Joint capsule
- Articular cartilage
- Articular disk
What is the primary function of synovial fluid in a synovial joint?
What is the primary function of synovial fluid in a synovial joint?
- To strengthen ligaments
- To lubricate and nourish the joint (correct)
- To facilitate bone growth
- To provide structural support
Which type of joint allows movement in only one direction?
Which type of joint allows movement in only one direction?
- Plane joint
- Uniaxial joint (correct)
- Biaxial joint
- Multiaxial joint
What accessory component can be found in some synovial joints to improve the fit between bones?
What accessory component can be found in some synovial joints to improve the fit between bones?
Movement in synovial joints always takes place around what?
Movement in synovial joints always takes place around what?
What type of joint is classified as allowing little to no movement between the articulating bones?
What type of joint is classified as allowing little to no movement between the articulating bones?
Which of the following joints is specifically classified as a cartilaginous joint?
Which of the following joints is specifically classified as a cartilaginous joint?
What joint type involves the fusion of two or more bones into a single bone?
What joint type involves the fusion of two or more bones into a single bone?
Which type of joint involves fibrous connective tissue in a way that limits movement?
Which type of joint involves fibrous connective tissue in a way that limits movement?
What is the main characteristic of synovial joints?
What is the main characteristic of synovial joints?
Which type of joint allows for a greater range of motion among the articulating bones?
Which type of joint allows for a greater range of motion among the articulating bones?
What type of joint is represented by intervertebral disks?
What type of joint is represented by intervertebral disks?
Which joint type provides a transition towards synovial joints?
Which joint type provides a transition towards synovial joints?
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint classified as?
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint classified as?
Which of the following movements is NOT associated with the sternoclavicular joint?
Which of the following movements is NOT associated with the sternoclavicular joint?
What is the role of the articular disk in the sternoclavicular joint?
What is the role of the articular disk in the sternoclavicular joint?
Which type of joint allows movement in two axes?
Which type of joint allows movement in two axes?
What type of joint is primarily responsible for the rotational movement of the shoulder girdle?
What type of joint is primarily responsible for the rotational movement of the shoulder girdle?
Which ligament primarily limits the movements of the sternoclavicular joint?
Which ligament primarily limits the movements of the sternoclavicular joint?
Which of the following joints is an example of a multiaxial joint?
Which of the following joints is an example of a multiaxial joint?
What type of joint combines features of both hinge and pivot joints?
What type of joint combines features of both hinge and pivot joints?
What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint classified as?
What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint classified as?
Which ligament stabilizes the radial head in the elbow joint?
Which ligament stabilizes the radial head in the elbow joint?
Which movement does the proximal radioulnar joint primarily facilitate?
Which movement does the proximal radioulnar joint primarily facilitate?
What does the constructional axis of the forearm represent?
What does the constructional axis of the forearm represent?
What type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint classified as?
What type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint classified as?
What movements are characteristic of the elbow joint?
What movements are characteristic of the elbow joint?
Which structure is not a part of the elbow joint?
Which structure is not a part of the elbow joint?
What is the role of the interosseous membrane in the forearm?
What is the role of the interosseous membrane in the forearm?
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint classified as?
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint classified as?
Which movements are associated with the horizontal axis of the wrist joint?
Which movements are associated with the horizontal axis of the wrist joint?
What structures make up the articulating surfaces of the radiocarpal joint?
What structures make up the articulating surfaces of the radiocarpal joint?
Which type of joint are the intercarpal joints classified as?
Which type of joint are the intercarpal joints classified as?
Which movement occurs around the sagittal axis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
Which movement occurs around the sagittal axis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
What structural feature separates the ulna from the carpal bones in the wrist?
What structural feature separates the ulna from the carpal bones in the wrist?
Which characteristic defines a saddle joint like the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
Which characteristic defines a saddle joint like the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
What is the primary function of the common joint capsule in intercarpal joints?
What is the primary function of the common joint capsule in intercarpal joints?
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Study Notes
Joints
- Joints enable movement between bones
- They classified by the type of tissue connecting the bones
- Joints without movement or with limited movement are called synarthrosis
Synarthrosis
- Suture: A thin layer of dense connective tissue connecting the bones of the skull
- Examples: Coronal or lambdoid suture
- Gomphosis: Microscopic ligaments in dental alveoli attaching teeth to their sockets
- Syndesmosis: Dense connective tissue ligament or sheet connecting bones, allowing limited movement
- Examples: Coracoclavicular ligament, interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula
- Synchondrosis: Bones held together by hyaline cartilage
- Examples: Sphenopetrosal synchondrosis
- Symphysis: Bones held together by fibrous cartilage
- Examples: Intervertebral disks
- Hemidiarthrosis: A specialized form with a gap in fibrous cartilage, representing a transition towards synovial joints
- Examples: Pubic symphysis
- Synostosis: Fusion of two or more bones into one
- Examples: hip bone, sacrum
Diarthrosis
- Also known as synovial joint or articulation
- Allows a wide range of movements
- Contains a joint cavity between articulating bones
- Main components:
- Articular cartilage on the articular surface of bones
- Ligaments
- Joint capsule
- Synovial membrane and the fluid it produces (synovia), which fills the joint cavity
Accessory Components of Diarthrosis
- Articular disks and menisci (meniscus): Found in some joints
- Articular labrum (lip): Found in some joints
- Bursae and synovial tendon sheaths: Found in some joints
Diarthrosis Movement Types
- Plane joint (Amphiarthrosis): No defined axis for movement
- Uniaxial joint: Movement occurs around one axis
- Biaxial joint: Movement occurs around two axes
- Multiaxial joint: Movement occurs around multiple axes
- The axis of a joint is always perpendicular to the plane of its movement
Uniaxial Joints
- Hinge (Ginglymus): Allows flexion and extension
- Pivot (Trochoid): Allows rotation
- Trochoginglymus: Combines hinge and pivot movements; found in the elbow joint
Biaxial Joints
- Ellipsoid (Condyloid): Allows flexion-extension and abduction-adduction
- Saddle (Sellaris): Allows flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and rotation
Multiaxial Joints
- Ball and socket (Spheroid): Allows movement in all planes
- Enarthrosis: Socket covers the sphere beyond its equator
Shoulder Girdle Joints
- Sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints form a bridge attaching the upper limb to the trunk
- Sternoclavicular joint: Saddle joint by shape, ball-and-socket joint by function
- Movements: Elevation-depression, protraction-retraction, rotation
Elbow Joint
- Composed of:
- Humeroulnar joint (hinge or ginglymus): Trochlea of humerus -> Trochlear notch of ulna
- Humeroradial joint (ball and socket): Capitulum of humerus -> Radial head
- Proximal radioulnar joint (pivot or trochoid): Articular circumference of radius -> Radial notch of ulna
- Movement: Flexion-extension, supination-pronation
- Key structures: Annular ligament, collateral ligaments
Wrist Joint
- Radiocarpal (wrist) joint: Ellipsoid (Condyloid) type of joint
- Articulates with carpal articular surface of radius and three carpal bones of proximal row
- Movements: Palmarflexion-dorsalflexion, ulnar abduction-radial abduction, circumduction
Intercarpal Joints
- Plane type joints between carpal bones
- Held together by a common joint capsule
Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint of Thumb
- Saddle type of joint
- Articulates with trapezium
- Movements: Abduction-adduction, flexion-extension, opposition-reposition
Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joints
- Located between carpal bones and bases of metacarpal bones
- Plane type joints
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