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Questions and Answers
What is the close-packed position of the patellofemoral joint?
What is the close-packed position of the patellofemoral joint?
Which statement best describes the anatomical classification of the talocrural joint?
Which statement best describes the anatomical classification of the talocrural joint?
What is the primary capsular pattern for the talocrural joint?
What is the primary capsular pattern for the talocrural joint?
How much inversion is typically available at the subtalar joint accessory motion?
How much inversion is typically available at the subtalar joint accessory motion?
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What limit does the patellofemoral joint exhibit regarding its degrees of freedom (DOF)?
What limit does the patellofemoral joint exhibit regarding its degrees of freedom (DOF)?
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What is the correct physiological range of motion for medial rotation at the coxofemoral joint?
What is the correct physiological range of motion for medial rotation at the coxofemoral joint?
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Which of the following describes the close-packed position of the coxofemoral joint?
Which of the following describes the close-packed position of the coxofemoral joint?
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What is the classification type of the tibiofemoral (knee) joint?
What is the classification type of the tibiofemoral (knee) joint?
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In terms of capsular patterns, what is the limitation order for the coxofemoral joint?
In terms of capsular patterns, what is the limitation order for the coxofemoral joint?
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What is the functional range of motion for flexion in the knee joint?
What is the functional range of motion for flexion in the knee joint?
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What end-feel is most commonly associated with extension at the tibiofemoral joint?
What end-feel is most commonly associated with extension at the tibiofemoral joint?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the anatomical positioning for the loose-packed position of the coxofemoral joint?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the anatomical positioning for the loose-packed position of the coxofemoral joint?
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What is the maximum degree of hyperextension allowed at the tibiofemoral joint?
What is the maximum degree of hyperextension allowed at the tibiofemoral joint?
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What is the total weight supported by one hip during unilateral stance when considering both the weight of the HAT and the unsupported leg?
What is the total weight supported by one hip during unilateral stance when considering both the weight of the HAT and the unsupported leg?
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What moment does the weight of the HAT create around the right hip during unilateral stance?
What moment does the weight of the HAT create around the right hip during unilateral stance?
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Which force must the hip abductor muscles generate to balance the moment created by the weight of the HAT and the unsupported leg?
Which force must the hip abductor muscles generate to balance the moment created by the weight of the HAT and the unsupported leg?
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Why might a person with a painful hip lean their trunk over the painful hip during single-leg stance?
Why might a person with a painful hip lean their trunk over the painful hip during single-leg stance?
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During the calculation of the moment generated by the hip abductor muscles, which of the following represents the relationship that must be maintained?
During the calculation of the moment generated by the hip abductor muscles, which of the following represents the relationship that must be maintained?
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What is the significance of the moment arm (MA) in the context of the calculations presented?
What is the significance of the moment arm (MA) in the context of the calculations presented?
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When transitioning to unilateral stance, what primary role does the compressive joint reaction force serve?
When transitioning to unilateral stance, what primary role does the compressive joint reaction force serve?
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What is the importance of the right-hand rule of moments in this context?
What is the importance of the right-hand rule of moments in this context?
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What position does the patella adopt in full extension of the knee?
What position does the patella adopt in full extension of the knee?
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How does the tibia rotate during knee flexion from extension?
How does the tibia rotate during knee flexion from extension?
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At what range of knee flexion does the patella remain fairly stable?
At what range of knee flexion does the patella remain fairly stable?
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What occurs to the joint reaction force (JRF) at the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) during deep knee flexion?
What occurs to the joint reaction force (JRF) at the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) during deep knee flexion?
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Which facet of the patella experiences the largest magnitude of stress?
Which facet of the patella experiences the largest magnitude of stress?
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What is the primary benefit of patellar contact with the central ridge at 30-70° of flexion?
What is the primary benefit of patellar contact with the central ridge at 30-70° of flexion?
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What impact does greater knee flexion have on the contact area of the patella?
What impact does greater knee flexion have on the contact area of the patella?
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What role does the quadriceps tendon play at greater than 90° knee flexion?
What role does the quadriceps tendon play at greater than 90° knee flexion?
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What causes a Trendelenburg gait?
What causes a Trendelenburg gait?
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Why should a cane be used on the opposite side of a painful or weak hip?
Why should a cane be used on the opposite side of a painful or weak hip?
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How does a change in the angle of inclination of the femoral neck affect balance of forces in unilateral stance?
How does a change in the angle of inclination of the femoral neck affect balance of forces in unilateral stance?
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Which statement about coxa vara during total hip replacement is correct?
Which statement about coxa vara during total hip replacement is correct?
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What is the effect of increased activation of the quadratus lumborum associated with weak hip abductors?
What is the effect of increased activation of the quadratus lumborum associated with weak hip abductors?
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How does the mechanical axis shift during dynamic activities like gait?
How does the mechanical axis shift during dynamic activities like gait?
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What role does the tensile force of the MCL play during a valgus motion of the knee?
What role does the tensile force of the MCL play during a valgus motion of the knee?
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How does relaxed standing affect the distribution of weightbearing forces at the knee?
How does relaxed standing affect the distribution of weightbearing forces at the knee?
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What effect does patella alta have on the kinematics of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) during flexion?
What effect does patella alta have on the kinematics of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) during flexion?
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What is the primary consequence of having a Q-angle greater than 15°?
What is the primary consequence of having a Q-angle greater than 15°?
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Which description correctly characterizes the effects of patella baja on knee kinematics?
Which description correctly characterizes the effects of patella baja on knee kinematics?
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What is the orientation of the talus axis in the ankle mortise that leads to triplanar motion?
What is the orientation of the talus axis in the ankle mortise that leads to triplanar motion?
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Which statement correctly depicts the relationship of open kinetic chain (OKC) activities to foot and ankle dynamics?
Which statement correctly depicts the relationship of open kinetic chain (OKC) activities to foot and ankle dynamics?
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In closed kinetic chain (CKC) activities, what effect does plantarflexion have on tibial and fibular rotation?
In closed kinetic chain (CKC) activities, what effect does plantarflexion have on tibial and fibular rotation?
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Which of the following statements about the components of the quadriceps is true?
Which of the following statements about the components of the quadriceps is true?
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The small range of talar rotation during motions of the ankle is primarily attributed to which characteristic?
The small range of talar rotation during motions of the ankle is primarily attributed to which characteristic?
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Study Notes
Kinesiology Lab: December 3, 2024
- Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to describe the classification, kinematics, and unique characteristics of the hip, knee, ankle, and foot; predict effects of different joint restrictions on lower extremity (LE) function for balance and gait; and begin to extend knowledge of kinesiology to exercise prescription.
1. Summary of LE Kinematics
- Review classifications and ranges of motion (ROMs) from anatomy.
- Understand the functional ROM needed, loose- and close-packed positions, capsular patterns, and end-feels for each joint.
A. Coxofemoral (hip) joint
- Type: diarthrosis, spheroidal, ball-and-socket
- Degrees of freedom (DOF): 3 (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, lateral-medial rotation)
- Physiological (active) ROM:
- Flexion: 110-120°
- Extension: 10-15°
- Abduction: 30-50°
- Adduction: 30°
- Lateral Rotation: 40-60°
- Medial Rotation: 30-40°
- Functional ROM varies with activity; example values are provided in a table.
B. Tibiofemoral (knee) joint
- Type: diarthrosis, hinge
- DOF: 1 (flexion-extension). Rotation is coupled with flexion and extension.
- Physiological ROM:
- Flexion: 135°
- Extension: 15° (hyperextension)
- Internal Rotation: 20-30°
- External Rotation: 30-40°
- Functional ROM varies with activity; example values are provided in a table.
C. Patellofemoral joint
- Type: diarthrosis, planar
- DOF: 0 (functionally allows superior-inferior and medial-lateral glide)
- End-feel: firm in all directions
D. Talocrural (ankle) joint
- Type: diarthrosis, hinge
- DOF: 1 (dorsiflexion-plantarflexion). Rotation is coupled with flexion and extension.
- Physiological ROM:
- Dorsiflexion (DF): 10-15°/20°
- Plantarflexion (PF): 50-70°
- Functional ROM varies with activity; example values are provided in a table.
E. Subtalar joint
- Type: diarthrosis, plane
- DOF: 0 (functionally allows abduction-adduction and eversion-inversion)
- Physiological ROM: none
- Accessory motions: inversion (20-30°), eversion (5-10°)
1. Functional ROM for Gait
- Inversion: ~4-6 degrees
- Eversion: ~4-6 degrees
- This combined motion allows for pronation and supination during walking.
2. Pelvifemoral rhythm of the gait cycle
- Gait cycle consists of stance and swing phases with sub-phases: absorption, transition, and propulsion.
- Specific linked kinematics exist for each joint.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of various human joints including the patellofemoral, talocrural, and coxofemoral joints. This quiz covers topics such as joint positions, motion ranges, and capsular patterns. Perfect for students in health and physical education fields.
