Anatomy of Flowering Plants Chapter 6

Questions and Answers

What are the three zones of a root?

Cortex, Pericycle, and Pith.

What primarily forms the vascular tissue system?

Xylem

Phloem

Both Xylem and Phloem (correct)

Cambium

What variation exists between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants regarding vascular bundles?

They differ in type, number, and location of vascular bundles.

What indicates secondary growth occurs in most of the dicotyledonous roots and stems?

Presence of cambium and increase in girth. Signup and view all the answers

What features would indicate a transverse section of a monocot stem?

Vascular bundles are conjoint and scattered, and phloem parenchyma is absent. Signup and view all the answers

What is the stomatal apparatus?

It is the structure that regulates gas exchange in plants, consisting of stomata and associated cells. Signup and view all the answers

Name the three basic tissue systems in flowering plants.

Dermal, Vascular, and Ground tissue systems. Signup and view all the answers

How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?

It enhances our understanding of plant structure, function, and their adaptations. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf.

It has a distinct upper and lower epidermis, with mesophyll layers for photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of tissue systems in flowering plants?

Epidermal, Ground, Vascular Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stomata?

Regulate transpiration and gaseous exchange Signup and view all the answers

The cuticle is absent in the roots.

True Signup and view all the answers

Xylem and phloem together constitute __________.

vascular bundles Signup and view all the answers

What are the cells surrounding stomatal pores called?

Guard cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vascular bundle is found in dicotyledonous stems?

Open Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissues makes up the ground tissue system?

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Monocotyledonous roots undergo secondary growth.

False Signup and view all the answers

The outermost protective layer of the stem in dicotyledonous plants is the __________.

epidermis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their functions:

Guard cells = Regulate stomatal opening Cuticle = Prevent water loss Parenchyma = Storage and support Trichomes = Reduce water loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural difference between xylem and phloem?

Xylem conducts water and minerals, while phloem transports photosynthesis products. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tissue System in Flowering Plants

Study of plant internal structure is known as anatomy, revealing similarities and differences among higher plants.
Plant structure consists of cells, which form tissues, which in turn form organs.
Three primary tissue systems:
- Epidermal tissue system
- Ground tissue system
- Vascular tissue system

Epidermal Tissue System

Forms the outermost covering of the plant body.
Comprises epidermal cells, stomata, trichomes (hairs), and other epidermal appendages.
Epidermis is usually a single layer made up of compactly arranged parenchymatous cells.
Cuticle: A protective, waxy layer on the epidermis, prevents water loss; absent in roots.
Stomata: Pores for transpiration and gas exchange, consisting of guard cells (dumb-bell shaped in grasses).
Guard cells regulate stomatal openings and are chloroplast-containing.
Subsidiary cells: Specialized epidermal cells next to guard cells.
Trichomes: Hair-like structures prevent water loss; root hairs assist in water and mineral absorption.

Ground Tissue System

Includes all tissues excluding epidermis and vascular bundles.
Composed of simple tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Mesophyll: In leaves, consists of parenchyma with chloroplasts, responsible for photosynthesis.

Vascular Tissue System

Made of complex tissues: xylem and phloem, forming vascular bundles.
Xylem: Conducts water and minerals; phloem: transports nutrients.
In dicotyledons, vascular bundles are open (contain cambium) allowing for secondary growth.
In monocotyledons, vascular bundles are closed (no cambium), no secondary growth occurs.
Radial arrangement: Xylem and phloem alternate, common in roots.
Conjoint arrangement: Xylem and phloem located together; common in stems and leaves with phloem outside xylem.

Anatomy of Dicotyledonous Plants

Root: Dicot root has an epiblema with unicellular root hairs, layered cortex, endodermis with casparian strips, pericycle, and vascular bundles.
Stem: Dicot stem has an epidermis with cuticle, layered cortex (hypodermis for strength), endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles in a ring formation, and a large pith.

Anatomy of Monocotyledonous Plants

Root: Similar to dicot but has more than six xylem bundles (polyarch) and a well-developed pith.
Stem: Sclerenchymatous hypodermis, scattered vascular bundles surrounded by bundle sheath, large parenchymatous ground tissue.

Leaf Anatomy

Dorsiventral Leaf (Dicot): Features an upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) epidermis, mesophyll with palisade and spongy parenchyma, and vascular bundles.
Isobilateral Leaf (Monocot): Stomata on both surfaces, mesophyll not differentiated, parallel venation, presence of bulliform cells which aid in water management.

Summary of Key Functions

Plant tissues are classified into meristematic (including apical, lateral, intercalary) and permanent tissues (simple and complex).
Major functions include food assimilation and storage, transport of water and nutrients, and providing mechanical support.
Awareness of anatomical differences in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants is foundational for understanding plant biology and adaptations.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the intricate anatomy of flowering plants in Chapter 6. This quiz delves into the tissue system and the structural similarities and variations among plant organisms. Test your knowledge of plant anatomy and its significance in understanding plant biology.