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Questions and Answers
What are the three zones of a root?
What are the three zones of a root?
Cortex, Pericycle, and Pith.
What primarily forms the vascular tissue system?
What primarily forms the vascular tissue system?
- Xylem
- Phloem
- Both Xylem and Phloem (correct)
- Cambium
What variation exists between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants regarding vascular bundles?
What variation exists between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants regarding vascular bundles?
They differ in type, number, and location of vascular bundles.
What indicates secondary growth occurs in most of the dicotyledonous roots and stems?
What indicates secondary growth occurs in most of the dicotyledonous roots and stems?
What features would indicate a transverse section of a monocot stem?
What features would indicate a transverse section of a monocot stem?
What is the stomatal apparatus?
What is the stomatal apparatus?
Name the three basic tissue systems in flowering plants.
Name the three basic tissue systems in flowering plants.
How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?
How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?
Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf.
Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf.
What are the three types of tissue systems in flowering plants?
What are the three types of tissue systems in flowering plants?
What is the primary function of stomata?
What is the primary function of stomata?
The cuticle is absent in the roots.
The cuticle is absent in the roots.
Xylem and phloem together constitute __________.
Xylem and phloem together constitute __________.
What are the cells surrounding stomatal pores called?
What are the cells surrounding stomatal pores called?
Which type of vascular bundle is found in dicotyledonous stems?
Which type of vascular bundle is found in dicotyledonous stems?
What type of tissues makes up the ground tissue system?
What type of tissues makes up the ground tissue system?
Monocotyledonous roots undergo secondary growth.
Monocotyledonous roots undergo secondary growth.
The outermost protective layer of the stem in dicotyledonous plants is the __________.
The outermost protective layer of the stem in dicotyledonous plants is the __________.
Match the following structures with their functions:
Match the following structures with their functions:
What is the primary structural difference between xylem and phloem?
What is the primary structural difference between xylem and phloem?
Study Notes
Tissue System in Flowering Plants
- Study of plant internal structure is known as anatomy, revealing similarities and differences among higher plants.
- Plant structure consists of cells, which form tissues, which in turn form organs.
- Three primary tissue systems:
- Epidermal tissue system
- Ground tissue system
- Vascular tissue system
Epidermal Tissue System
- Forms the outermost covering of the plant body.
- Comprises epidermal cells, stomata, trichomes (hairs), and other epidermal appendages.
- Epidermis is usually a single layer made up of compactly arranged parenchymatous cells.
- Cuticle: A protective, waxy layer on the epidermis, prevents water loss; absent in roots.
- Stomata: Pores for transpiration and gas exchange, consisting of guard cells (dumb-bell shaped in grasses).
- Guard cells regulate stomatal openings and are chloroplast-containing.
- Subsidiary cells: Specialized epidermal cells next to guard cells.
- Trichomes: Hair-like structures prevent water loss; root hairs assist in water and mineral absorption.
Ground Tissue System
- Includes all tissues excluding epidermis and vascular bundles.
- Composed of simple tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
- Mesophyll: In leaves, consists of parenchyma with chloroplasts, responsible for photosynthesis.
Vascular Tissue System
- Made of complex tissues: xylem and phloem, forming vascular bundles.
- Xylem: Conducts water and minerals; phloem: transports nutrients.
- In dicotyledons, vascular bundles are open (contain cambium) allowing for secondary growth.
- In monocotyledons, vascular bundles are closed (no cambium), no secondary growth occurs.
- Radial arrangement: Xylem and phloem alternate, common in roots.
- Conjoint arrangement: Xylem and phloem located together; common in stems and leaves with phloem outside xylem.
Anatomy of Dicotyledonous Plants
- Root: Dicot root has an epiblema with unicellular root hairs, layered cortex, endodermis with casparian strips, pericycle, and vascular bundles.
- Stem: Dicot stem has an epidermis with cuticle, layered cortex (hypodermis for strength), endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles in a ring formation, and a large pith.
Anatomy of Monocotyledonous Plants
- Root: Similar to dicot but has more than six xylem bundles (polyarch) and a well-developed pith.
- Stem: Sclerenchymatous hypodermis, scattered vascular bundles surrounded by bundle sheath, large parenchymatous ground tissue.
Leaf Anatomy
- Dorsiventral Leaf (Dicot): Features an upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) epidermis, mesophyll with palisade and spongy parenchyma, and vascular bundles.
- Isobilateral Leaf (Monocot): Stomata on both surfaces, mesophyll not differentiated, parallel venation, presence of bulliform cells which aid in water management.
Summary of Key Functions
- Plant tissues are classified into meristematic (including apical, lateral, intercalary) and permanent tissues (simple and complex).
- Major functions include food assimilation and storage, transport of water and nutrients, and providing mechanical support.
- Awareness of anatomical differences in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants is foundational for understanding plant biology and adaptations.
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Description
Explore the intricate anatomy of flowering plants in Chapter 6. This quiz delves into the tissue system and the structural similarities and variations among plant organisms. Test your knowledge of plant anatomy and its significance in understanding plant biology.
