49 Questions
Which muscles are responsible for flexing the neck when acting bilaterally?
Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis
Which structure passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?
Subclavian artery
Which structure is NOT located within the carotid sheath?
Superior thyroid artery
Which of the following nerves innervates the cricothyroid muscle for vocal cord tension?
Superior laryngeal nerve
Where does the thoracic duct typically cross to enter the venous system?
Left subclavian vein
Which vein begins at the outer border of the first rib and passes over the rib, extending to the inner end of the clavicle?
Axillary vein
Why should the subclavian approach be avoided in patients with coagulation disorders?
Inability to compress the subclavian site effectively
What is the landmark for the axillary vein located in the delto-pectoral groove?
Pectoralis minor muscle
How is the axillary vein situated in relation to the axillary artery?
Inferior to the axillary artery
What structure serves as a major landmark for the axillary vein?
Delto-pectoral groove
Which zone of the neck contains vital structures such as the innominate vessels, common carotid artery, and thoracic duct?
Zone I
Which lymphatic duct enters the neck posterior to the left subclavian artery?
Thoracic duct
Where can the common carotid artery be palpated in the neck?
Anterior triangle
Hypertrophy of which muscle may cause compression of the subclavian artery and the brachial plexus?
Scalenus anterior
What is the positive Adson test indicative of?
Scalenus anticus syndrome
Which vein choice is associated with an overall lower risk of pneumothorax during central venous catheter access?
Internal Jugular Vein
What is a disadvantage of using the external jugular vein for central venous catheter access?
Inadvertent arterial puncture
Where does the subclavian vein lie in relation to the clavicle?
Directly below
What may cause coldness, cyanosis, numbness, paresthesia, and pain of the hand due to compression?
"Scalenus anticus syndrome"
"Maintenance of deep inspiration imposes increased traction on the subclavian artery and the brachial plexus through elevation of the first rib" is related to which test?
"Adson Test"
"Transvenous pacing wire placement" is one of the reasons for placing a:
"Central line"
What is the main function of the external jugular vein?
Drains blood from the posterior aspect of the head and jaw
Which vein receives lymph from the entirety of the head and neck and drains to the jugular lymphatic trunk?
Internal jugular vein
What is the source of venous blood in the internal jugular vein?
Dural venous sinuses and facial veins
What is the function of the brachiocephalic vein?
Unites to form the superior vena cava
Which group of muscles does the muscular branches of the cervical plexus primarily innervate?
Infrahyoid strap muscles
Which nerve courses superficial to the anterior scalene muscle?
Phrenic nerve
What is a feature of the nerves in the interscalene triangle?
The roots of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery both pass through, leaving grooves on the superior border of the first rib
What characterizes the nerves in Posterior Triangle?
They mostly pass anteroinferiorly and are best seen in posterior triangle
What should you know about Occipital Artery?
It is a branch of External Carotid Artery.
What is not a function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Flexes the mandible
What is the function of the pretracheal fascia in the neck?
Encloses the viscera of the neck, providing a slippery surface for up and down gliding during swallowing and neck movements
Which space may provide a conduit for the spread of infections from the neck to the mediastinum?
Retropharyngeal space
What is the origin of the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Manubrium of the sternum
Which muscle has an attachment to the hyoid bone and provides a firm base for the tongue (floor of the mouth)?
Suprahyoid muscles
What is the function of all suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles?
Elevates/depresses the viscera of the neck during speaking and swallowing
What does the external carotid artery branch into?
Facial artery, lingual artery, occipital artery
'Scalenus anticus syndrome' is also known as:
'Thoracic outlet syndrome'
Which muscle bisects the neck diagonally from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process?
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Which muscle is innervated directly by the C1 spinal nerve?
Geniohyoid
Which muscle has both anterior and posterior bellies with different innervations?
Digastric
Which muscle is NOT part of the infrahyoid (strap) muscles?
Stylohyoid
Which muscle is innervated by the ansa cervicalis?
Omohyoid
Which gland is embedded in the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland?
Parathyroid gland
Which nerve innervates the carotid sinus or bulb, responsible for detecting stretch caused by pressure within a vessel?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Which artery supplies the majority of structures of the head external to the cranial cavity?
External carotid artery
Which artery supplies the back of the scalp?
Occipital artery
Which vein joins the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein?
Facial vein
Match each fascial layer to its contents
Investing fascia = Surrounds all structures of the neck. Includes the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, submandibular. parotid glands, and infrahyoid muscles Prevertebral layer = Surrounds the vertebral column and deep back muscles. It includes the trachea, esophagus and thyroid gland. It continues posteriorly with the buccopharyngeal fascia. Pretracheal layer = Encloses the viscera of the neck. This includes the vertebral column Carotid sheath = Surrounds the two major neurovasculature bundles on either side of the neck
This quiz covers the anatomy of the external jugular vein (EJV) and internal jugular vein (IJV), including their formation, course, and drainage areas. It also discusses the superficial and deep cervical structures through which these veins pass.
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