The Neck

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Which muscles are responsible for flexing the neck when acting bilaterally?

Semispinalis capitis and semispinalis cervicis

Sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles

Levator scapulae and trapezius

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis (correct)

Which structure passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?

Subclavian artery (correct)

Phrenic nerve

Brachial plexus

Vagus nerve

Which structure is NOT located within the carotid sheath?

Internal jugular vein

Common carotid artery

Vagus nerve

Superior thyroid artery (correct)

Which of the following nerves innervates the cricothyroid muscle for vocal cord tension?

Superior laryngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Where does the thoracic duct typically cross to enter the venous system?

Left subclavian vein Signup and view all the answers

Which vein begins at the outer border of the first rib and passes over the rib, extending to the inner end of the clavicle?

Axillary vein Signup and view all the answers

Why should the subclavian approach be avoided in patients with coagulation disorders?

Inability to compress the subclavian site effectively Signup and view all the answers

What is the landmark for the axillary vein located in the delto-pectoral groove?

Pectoralis minor muscle Signup and view all the answers

How is the axillary vein situated in relation to the axillary artery?

Inferior to the axillary artery Signup and view all the answers

What structure serves as a major landmark for the axillary vein?

Delto-pectoral groove Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the neck contains vital structures such as the innominate vessels, common carotid artery, and thoracic duct?

Zone I Signup and view all the answers

Which lymphatic duct enters the neck posterior to the left subclavian artery?

Thoracic duct Signup and view all the answers

Where can the common carotid artery be palpated in the neck?

Anterior triangle Signup and view all the answers

Hypertrophy of which muscle may cause compression of the subclavian artery and the brachial plexus?

Scalenus anterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the positive Adson test indicative of?

Scalenus anticus syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which vein choice is associated with an overall lower risk of pneumothorax during central venous catheter access?

Internal Jugular Vein Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using the external jugular vein for central venous catheter access?

Inadvertent arterial puncture Signup and view all the answers

Where does the subclavian vein lie in relation to the clavicle?

Directly below Signup and view all the answers

What may cause coldness, cyanosis, numbness, paresthesia, and pain of the hand due to compression?

"Scalenus anticus syndrome" Signup and view all the answers

"Maintenance of deep inspiration imposes increased traction on the subclavian artery and the brachial plexus through elevation of the first rib" is related to which test?

"Adson Test" Signup and view all the answers

"Transvenous pacing wire placement" is one of the reasons for placing a:

"Central line" Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the external jugular vein?

Drains blood from the posterior aspect of the head and jaw Signup and view all the answers

Which vein receives lymph from the entirety of the head and neck and drains to the jugular lymphatic trunk?

Internal jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of venous blood in the internal jugular vein?

Dural venous sinuses and facial veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the brachiocephalic vein?

Unites to form the superior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles does the muscular branches of the cervical plexus primarily innervate?

Infrahyoid strap muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve courses superficial to the anterior scalene muscle?

Phrenic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of the nerves in the interscalene triangle?

The roots of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery both pass through, leaving grooves on the superior border of the first rib Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the nerves in Posterior Triangle?

They mostly pass anteroinferiorly and are best seen in posterior triangle Signup and view all the answers

What should you know about Occipital Artery?

It is a branch of External Carotid Artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is not a function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Flexes the mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pretracheal fascia in the neck?

Encloses the viscera of the neck, providing a slippery surface for up and down gliding during swallowing and neck movements Signup and view all the answers

Which space may provide a conduit for the spread of infections from the neck to the mediastinum?

Retropharyngeal space Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Manubrium of the sternum Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has an attachment to the hyoid bone and provides a firm base for the tongue (floor of the mouth)?

Suprahyoid muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of all suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles?

Elevates/depresses the viscera of the neck during speaking and swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What does the external carotid artery branch into?

Facial artery, lingual artery, occipital artery Signup and view all the answers

'Scalenus anticus syndrome' is also known as:

'Thoracic outlet syndrome' Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle bisects the neck diagonally from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process?

Sternocleidomastoid muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is innervated directly by the C1 spinal nerve?

Geniohyoid Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has both anterior and posterior bellies with different innervations?

Digastric Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT part of the infrahyoid (strap) muscles?

Stylohyoid Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

Omohyoid Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is embedded in the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland?

Parathyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the carotid sinus or bulb, responsible for detecting stretch caused by pressure within a vessel?

Glossopharyngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the majority of structures of the head external to the cranial cavity?

External carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the back of the scalp?

Occipital artery Signup and view all the answers

Which vein joins the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein?

Facial vein Signup and view all the answers

Match each fascial layer to its contents

Investing fascia = Surrounds all structures of the neck. Includes the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, submandibular. parotid glands, and infrahyoid muscles Prevertebral layer = Surrounds the vertebral column and deep back muscles. It includes the trachea, esophagus and thyroid gland. It continues posteriorly with the buccopharyngeal fascia. Pretracheal layer = Encloses the viscera of the neck. This includes the vertebral column Carotid sheath = Surrounds the two major neurovasculature bundles on either side of the neck Signup and view all the answers