Anatomy of Brainstem Blood Supply
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Questions and Answers

Which artery provides the major blood supply to the brainstem and cerebellum by merging to form the basilar artery?

  • Internal carotid artery
  • Vertebral artery (correct)
  • Common carotid artery
  • Subclavian artery

    • The internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity through which of the following?

  • Foramen magnum
  • Carotid foramen (correct)
  • Jugular foramen
  • Transverse foramen

    • Which artery branches from the vertebral artery and supplies the posterior-inferior part of the cerebellum?

  • Anterior cerebral artery
  • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (correct)
  • Superior cerebellar artery
  • Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

    • Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of the vertebral artery?

    <p>Branches from the subclavian artery, ascends through the transverse foramina, and enters the foramen magnum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The basilar artery is formed by the union of which two arteries?

    <p>Vertebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is NOT a direct branch of the vertebral arteries?

    <p>Middle cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is formed by the union of the anterior spinal arteries?

    <p>Single anterior spinal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many posterior spinal arteries supply the spinal cord, and what is their general pathway?

    <p>Two, traveling vertically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radicular arteries supplement the spinal arteries and enter the spinal canal through which of the following structures?

    <p>Intervertebral foramina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radicular arteries arise from which of the following arteries?

    <p>Segmental arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries provide additional blood supply to the spinal cord by supplementing the anterior and posterior spinal arteries?

    <p>Radicular arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anterior spinal artery?

    <p>Supplies blood to the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior spinal arteries primarily supply which region of the spinal cord?

    <p>Posterior one-third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The artery of Adamkiewicz, also known as the great anterior radicular artery, is most commonly found in which region of the spinal cord?

    <p>Lower thoracic or upper lumbar region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the artery of Adamkiewicz?

    <p>Provide blood to the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord in the lower thoracic and lumbar regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The artery of Adamkiewicz most commonly arises from which of the following arteries?

    <p>Intercostal or lumbar segmental arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a branch of the basilar artery?

    <p>Anterior cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior cerebellar arteries are responsible for supplying which areas of the brain?

    <p>Superior part of the cerebellum and parts of the midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pontine arteries, branches of the basilar artery, primarily supply which structure?

    <p>Pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The labyrinthine artery, a branch of the basilar artery, accompanies which cranial nerve to supply the inner ear?

    <p>CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior cerebral arteries, branches of the basilar artery, supply which region of the brain?

    <p>Occipital lobe and inferior temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the internal carotid artery passes through the optic canal to supply the orbit?

    <p>Ophthalmic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the internal carotid artery supplies the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle and the choroid plexus?

    <p>Anterior choroidal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is a direct continuation of the internal carotid artery and supplies the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Middle cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is a direct continuation of the internal carotid artery and supplies the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Middle cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior communicating artery connects the internal carotid artery to which of the following?

    <p>Posterior cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior communicating artery connects which two arteries in the Circle of Willis?

    <p>Two anterior cerebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Circle of Willis provides collateral circulation to which parts of the brain?

    <p>Cerebral hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the internal carotid artery forms the main arterial supply to the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Anterior cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT supplied by the anterior choroidal artery?

    <p>Primary motor cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas is primarily supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?

    <p>Medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The middle cerebral artery supplies which of the following areas of the brain?

    <p>Lateral aspect of the hemisphere, except for the anterior cerebral strip and occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with the areas supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?

    <p>Micturition and defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery typically supplies the occipital lobe and infero-medial temporal lobe?

    <p>Posterior cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the embryonic stage, the posterior cerebral artery may receive blood supply through which structure?

    <p>Posterior communicating artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is associated with the area of the brain supplied by the middle cerebral artery?

    <p>Speech and auditory processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior cerebral artery supplies which part of the brain’s motor functions?

    <p>Lower limb motor control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions is NOT supplied by the middle cerebral artery?

    <p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a lateral view of an internal carotid angiogram, the middle cerebral artery is typically seen passing through which of the following structures?

    <p>Lateral fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior communicating artery connects which two arteries in the Circle of Willis?

    <p>Anterior cerebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the area supplied by the anterior cerebral artery in the motor cortex?

    <p>Motor control of the lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The middle cerebral artery typically supplies which of the following regions?

    <p>Lateral surface of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery may contribute to the blood supply of the posterior cerebral artery in the embryonic stage?

    <p>Posterior communicating artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas is primarily supplied by the posterior cerebral artery?

    <p>Occipital lobe and infero-medial temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior cerebral artery is typically a terminal branch of which artery?

    <p>Basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is NOT typically supplied by the posterior cerebral artery? A) Occipital lobe B) Infero-medial temporal lobe C) Upper limb motor cortex D) Part of the thalamus

    <p>Upper limb motor cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is supplied by the anterior choroidal artery?

    <p>Head of the caudate nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medial striate arteries arise from which of the following arteries?

    <p>Anterior cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lateral striate arteries supply which of the following areas?

    <p>All parts of the internal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is primarily supplied by the posterior cerebral artery and its central branches?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lateral striate arteries arise from which of the following arteries?

    <p>Middle cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT typically supplied by the medial striate arteries?

    <p>Putamen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries primarily supplies the internal capsule and nearby basal ganglia?

    <p>Lateral striate arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions does NOT receive blood from the anterior choroidal artery?

    <p>Putamen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply which of the following regions?

    <p>Thalamus and third ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The striate arteries are also known by several other names. Which of the following is NOT one of these alternative names?

    <p>Cerebellar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lateral striate arteries, arising from the middle cerebral artery, supply which of the following structures?

    <p>Putamen and globus pallidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior cerebral artery supplies the thalamus. Which of the following structures is also supplied by the posterior cerebral artery?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supplies the anterior limb and genu of the internal capsule?

    <p>Medial striate arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior choroidal artery is primarily a branch of which artery?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the major cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?

    <p>Aneurysms in the Circle of Willis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Berry aneurysm, commonly located in the circle of Willis, can cause which of the following complications?

    <p>Subarachnoid hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical symptom of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

    <p>Sudden onset of headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subarachnoid hemorrhage may present with which of the following symptoms?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood in the subarachnoid space following a hemorrhage may appear in which of the following locations?

    <p>Cisterns and fissures, or the ventricular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an aneurysm located in the circle of Willis, which is a major cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?

    <p>Berry aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following might a person experience immediately following a blow to the head that causes a subarachnoid hemorrhage? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Transient or prolonged loss of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes subarachnoid hemorrhage harder to detect on imaging sometimes?

    <p>Blood may be widely distributed throughout the cisterns and fissures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is affected by a stroke in the cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Contralateral symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stroke in the anterior cerebral artery results in which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Contralateral hemiplegia and anaesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A middle cerebral artery stroke may present with which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vertebrobasilar system can cause a mix of contralateral and ipsilateral symptoms depending on the location of the stroke. Which of the following is an example of this?

    <p>Brainstem stroke leading to mixed symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with lateral medullary syndrome, which can result from a stroke in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)?

    <p>Loss of balance and coordination (ipsilateral)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stroke in the cerebellar hemispheres typically results in which of the following?

    <p>Ipsilateral symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is involved in superior cerebellar artery strokes that result in cerebellar symptoms?

    <p>Superior cerebellar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of Medial Medullary Syndrome (due to occlusion of the vertebral artery or anterior spinal artery)?

    <p>Ipsilateral hemiparesis and contralateral sensory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to a subarachnoid hemorrhage in the brain?

    <p>Rupture of an aneurysm in the Circle of Willis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of embolic stroke?

    <p>A clot formed in a blood vessel outside the brain, such as in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is a common source of lateral medullary syndrome, also known as Wallenberg's syndrome?

    <p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would likely result from a stroke involving the posterior cerebral artery (PCA)?

    <p>Loss of vision in the contralateral visual field (hemianopia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symptoms are typically seen in vertebrobasilar stroke (such as in the brainstem)?

    <p>Mixed contralateral and ipsilateral symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common clinical presentation for a stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA)?

    <p>Aphasia and contralateral hemiplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for the blood supply to the anterior part of the brain, including the frontal lobe and medial aspect of the hemisphere?

    <p>Anterior cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms would be seen with a stroke in the cerebellar hemispheres?

    <p>Ipsilateral cerebellar signs (balance issues, ataxia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a classic symptom of a stroke affecting the brainstem?

    <p>Diplopia (double vision) and dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a stroke involving the anterior cerebral artery, which part of the body is most likely to be affected?

    <p>The legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for supplying the lateral medulla, leading to Wallenberg syndrome?

    <p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome)?

    <p>Ipsilateral weakness of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most characteristic feature of Medial Medullary Syndrome caused by occlusion of the vertebral artery?

    <p>Contralateral hemiparesis and loss of fine touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical sign of Horner’s syndrome, which may occur in Wallenberg syndrome?

    <p>Ipsilateral ptosis, meiosis, and anhidrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Medial Medullary Syndrome, what sensory loss occurs due to damage to the medial lemniscus?

    <p>Loss of fine touch and proprioception from the contralateral body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is most affected in Medial Medullary Syndrome that causes ipsilateral paralysis of the tongue?

    <p>Hypoglossal nerve and nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical symptom of lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome) caused by PICA occlusion?

    <p>Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is primarily responsible for the blood supply to the medial medulla, leading to Medial Medullary Syndrome?

    <p>Vertebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Wallenberg syndrome, what is the typical effect on the trigeminal nerve?

    <p>Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with medial medullary syndrome presents with contralateral hemiparesis. Which structure is most likely affected?

    <p>Corticospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sensations is most likely to be lost in a patient with medial medullary syndrome?

    <p>Fine touch and positional sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In medial medullary syndrome, which of the following findings is most likely to be seen in the tongue on examination?

    <p>Ipsilateral paralysis of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is involved in the ipsilateral paralysis of the tongue in medial medullary syndrome?

    <p>Hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the medial part of the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Vertebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with medial medullary syndrome presents with contralateral hemiparesis. Which structure is most likely affected?

    <p>Corticospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk of performing a lumbar puncture in a patient with raised intracranial pressure?

    <p>Cerebral herniation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uncus herniation typically leads to compression of which cranial nerve, causing a sluggish light reflex?

    <p>Oculomotor nerve (CN III)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebellar tonsil herniation through the foramen magnum can cause which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Hypertension and bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common feature of Cheyne-Stokes respiration caused by cerebellar tonsil herniation?

    <p>Cycles of apnea followed by hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased intracranial pressure can lead to all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key anatomical feature involved in uncus herniation?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression of the oculomotor nerve (CN III) during uncus herniation primarily affects which function?

    <p>Parasympathetic input to the pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical clinical sign of uncus herniation?

    <p>Sluggish light reflex and dilated pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebellar tonsil herniation can lead to compression of which structure?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

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