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Questions and Answers
What structure lies lateral to the pyramid on the ventral surface of the medulla?
What structure lies lateral to the pyramid on the ventral surface of the medulla?
Which nerve emerges between the pyramid and the olive from the medulla?
Which nerve emerges between the pyramid and the olive from the medulla?
What divides the pons into two halves on its ventral surface?
What divides the pons into two halves on its ventral surface?
Which fibers cross the midline and pass through the contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle from the pons to enter the opposite cerebellar hemisphere?
Which fibers cross the midline and pass through the contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle from the pons to enter the opposite cerebellar hemisphere?
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Which cranial nerve emerges from the dorsal surface of the brain stem?
Which cranial nerve emerges from the dorsal surface of the brain stem?
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Which structure is responsible for the control of level of consciousness, perception of pain, and regulation of cardiovascular & respiratory systems?
Which structure is responsible for the control of level of consciousness, perception of pain, and regulation of cardiovascular & respiratory systems?
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What overlies the dorsal vagal nucleus in the vagal triangle?
What overlies the dorsal vagal nucleus in the vagal triangle?
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Which structure separates the midbrain from the medulla oblongata?
Which structure separates the midbrain from the medulla oblongata?
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What forms part of the auditory pathway on the dorsal surface of the midbrain?
What forms part of the auditory pathway on the dorsal surface of the midbrain?
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Which cranial nerve emerges from the ventral surface of the brain stem?
Which cranial nerve emerges from the ventral surface of the brain stem?
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Which part of the brain stem is connected to the cerebellum by the superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles?
Which part of the brain stem is connected to the cerebellum by the superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles?
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What is the site of the brain stem in relation to the occipital bone?
What is the site of the brain stem in relation to the occipital bone?
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Which part of the hindbrain subdivides into the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata?
Which part of the hindbrain subdivides into the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata?
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What is the main function of the brain stem in relation to the tracts between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord?
What is the main function of the brain stem in relation to the tracts between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord?
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Which structure emerges from the brain stem and is also connected to the cerebellum via cerebellar peduncles?
Which structure emerges from the brain stem and is also connected to the cerebellum via cerebellar peduncles?
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Where does the Abducent (6th) nerve emerge from?
Where does the Abducent (6th) nerve emerge from?
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Which structure marks the site of the cuneate nucleus?
Which structure marks the site of the cuneate nucleus?
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From where does the Oculomotor (3rd) nerve emerge?
From where does the Oculomotor (3rd) nerve emerge?
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What separates the two crura cerebri in the midbrain's ventral surface?
What separates the two crura cerebri in the midbrain's ventral surface?
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Which cranial nerves emerge from the cerebellopontine angle?
Which cranial nerves emerge from the cerebellopontine angle?
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Study Notes
Brain Stem Structures
- The structure lateral to the pyramid on the ventral surface of the medulla is the olive.
- The hypoglossal nerve (12th cranial nerve) emerges between the pyramid and the olive from the medulla.
Pons
- The pons is divided into two halves on its ventral surface by the basilar sulcus.
- Pontocerebellar fibers cross the midline and pass through the contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle from the pons to enter the opposite cerebellar hemisphere.
Cranial Nerves
- The trochlear nerve (4th cranial nerve) emerges from the dorsal surface of the brain stem.
- The abducent nerve (6th cranial nerve) emerges from the ventral surface of the brain stem.
Brain Stem Functions
- The reticular formation is responsible for the control of level of consciousness, perception of pain, and regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
- The vagal triangle overlies the dorsal vagal nucleus.
Midbrain and Hindbrain
- The inferior colliculus forms part of the auditory pathway on the dorsal surface of the midbrain.
- The midbrain is separated from the medulla oblongata by the pons.
- The metencephalon is the part of the hindbrain that subdivides into the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.
- The brain stem connects the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex and spinal cord through tracts.
- The cranial nerve that emerges from the brain stem and is connected to the cerebellum via cerebellar peduncles is the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve).
Other Structures
- The brain stem is located anterior to the occipital bone.
- The cuneate nucleus marks the site of the dorsal column nuclei.
- The oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve) emerges from the ventral surface of the midbrain.
- The crura cerebri in the midbrain's ventral surface are separated by the interpeduncular fossa.
- The cranial nerves that emerge from the cerebellopontine angle are the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve), the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve), and the vestibulocochlear nerve (8th cranial nerve).
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Description
Learn about the components, site, relations, and external features of the brain stem, as well as the cranial nerves emerging from it. This quiz covers key objectives outlined in Professor Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim's Anatomy lecture at King Saud University.
