Anatomy of Brain Blood Supply

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Questions and Answers

What are the two main vessels that supply blood to the brain?

Internal Carotid Artery and Vertebral Artery (correct)

Common Carotid Artery and Subclavian Artery

External Carotid Artery and Basilar Artery

Internal Jugular Vein and Vertebral Vein

How many segments does the internal carotid artery have?

Six segments

Four segments (correct)

Five segments

Three segments

Where does the petrosal segment of the internal carotid artery lie?

In the carotid canal (correct)

In the atlanto-occipital membrane

In the foramina of the transverse processes

In the foramen magnum

What does the petrosal segment of the internal carotid artery give rise to?

Caroticotympanic arteries Signup and view all the answers

What are the branches of the cerebral segment of the internal carotid artery?

Ophthalmic artery, Anterior cerebral artery, Middle cerebral artery, Posterior communicating artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of the vertebral artery?

Foramina of the transverse processes (C1 - C6), through the atlanto-occipital membrane and foramen magnum Signup and view all the answers

Where do the two vertebral arteries join and what do they form?

On the inferior margin of the pons and form the basilar artery Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)?

The hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Where is the first segment of the anterior cerebral artery located?

Between the internal carotid and anterior communicating arteries Signup and view all the answers

What does the first segment of the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Putamen, head of the caudate nucleus, anterior crus of the internal capsule Signup and view all the answers

What are the branches of the second segment of the anterior cerebral artery?

Medial fronto-basilar artery, polar frontal artery, anterior medial frontal artery Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the middle cerebral artery?

Sphenoid part, Insular part, Cortical part Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Insular part of the middle cerebral artery go between?

Parieto-frontal and temporal operculum Signup and view all the answers

What does the middle cerebral artery supply in the brain?

Thalamus, Corpus striatum, Insula, Cortex Signup and view all the answers

Where is the first segment of the posterior cerebral artery located?

Between the basilar artery and posterior communicating artery Signup and view all the answers

Where does the second segment of the posterior cerebral artery pass around?

Around the midbrain in the cistern and through the tentorial notch Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the middle superficial cerebral vein?

Drains blood of the supero-lateral surface and empties to the cavernous sinus or spheno-parietal sinus Signup and view all the answers

Where do superficial veins collect blood from?

The cortex of the palium and its neighbors Signup and view all the answers

What is the circulation pathway of cerebrospinal fluid?

Lateral ventricle, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, aqueduct, fourth ventricle, medial and lateral foramina, subarachnoid space, and absorption in sinuses of the dura matter and veins of the vertebral canal Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Great Cerebral Vein empty?

To the proximal part of the straight sinus Signup and view all the answers

What are the tributaries of the Internal Cerebral Vein?

Thalamo-striate vein, choroid vein, and vein of the vellum pallucidum Signup and view all the answers

What do the superior cerebral veins drain?

The blood of the supero-lateral and medial surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

To secrete cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

What do the inferior cerebral veins drain?

The blood of the inferior and inferior part of the supero-lateral surface Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Supply to the Brain

The two main vessels that supply blood to the brain are the Internal Carotid Artery and Vertebral Artery.
The Internal Carotid Artery has four segments.

Internal Carotid Artery

The petrosal segment of the Internal Carotid Artery lies in the carotid canal.
The petrosal segment gives rise to the Caroticotympanic arteries at the end of the carotid canal.
The branches of the cerebral segment of the Internal Carotid Artery are:
- Ophthalmic artery
- Anterior cerebral artery
- Middle cerebral artery
- Posterior communicating artery
- Anterior choroid artery (sometimes)

Vertebral Artery

The pathway of the Vertebral Artery is through the foramina of the transverse processes (C1-C6), piercing the atlanto-occipital membrane and going through the foramen magnum.
Both Vertebral Arteries join on the inferior margin of the pons and form the Basilar Artery.
The branches of the Vertebral Artery are:
- Cervical (Muscular, Spinal) and Cranial (posterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior spinal artery, anterior spinal artery)

Basilar Artery

The Basilar Artery runs in the basilar sulcus on the ventral surface of the pons.
The branches of the Basilar Artery are:
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- Labyrinthine artery
- Superior cerebellar artery
- Posterior cerebral artery
- Pontine artery

Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)

The Cerebral Arterial Circle surrounds the hypothalamus.
The arteries that form the Cerebral Arterial Circle are:
- 1. Anterior communicating artery (from Internal Carotid Artery)
- 1. Anterior cerebral artery (ICA)
- 1. Internal Carotid Artery
- 1. Posterior communicating artery (ICA)
- 1. Posterior cerebral artery
- 1. Basilar Artery

Anterior Cerebral Artery

The first segment of the Anterior Cerebral Artery is located between the Internal Carotid and Anterior Communicating Arteries.
The first segment of the Anterior Cerebral Artery supplies:
- Thalamo-striatal arteries
- Short middle artery and Long middle artery (HAUBNER’S artery)
- Putamen
- Head of the caudate nucleus
- Anterior crus of the internal capsule
The branches of the second segment of the Anterior Cerebral Artery are:
- Medial fronto-basilar artery
- Polar frontal artery
- Anterior medial frontal artery
- Intermediate medial frontal artery
- Posterior medial frontal artery
- Paracentral artery
- Cingular branch
- Precuneal artery

Middle Cerebral Artery

The three parts of the Middle Cerebral Artery are:
- Sphenoid part
- Insular part
- Cortical part (terminal)
The Insular part of the Middle Cerebral Artery goes between the parieto-frontal and temporal operculum.
The branches of the Middle Cerebral Artery are:
- Middle branches (striato-capsular)
- Frontal branches
- Temporal branches
- Parietal branches
- Terminal branches
The Middle Cerebral Artery supplies:
- Thalamus
- Corpus striatum
- Insula
- Cortex (lateral surface and medial of the anterior part of the temporal lobe)

Posterior Cerebral Artery

The first segment of the Posterior Cerebral Artery is located between the Basilar Artery and Posterior Communicating Artery.
The second segment of the Posterior Cerebral Artery passes around the midbrain in the cistern and through the tentorial notch, reaching the medial surface of the temporal lobe.
The branches of the Posterior Cerebral Artery are:
- Posterior Choroid artery
- Thalamo-perforated arteries
- Geniculo-thalamic artery
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Occasionally parietal

Cerebral Veins

The types of cerebral veins are:
- Superficial veins
- Deep veins
Superficial veins collect blood from the cortex of the pallium and its neighbors.
Superficial veins empty to the sinuses of the dura mater.
The superior cerebral veins drain the blood of the supero-lateral and medial surface.
The inferior cerebral veins drain the blood of the inferior and inferior part of the supero-lateral surface.
The function of the middle superficial cerebral vein is to drain blood of the supero-lateral surface and empty to the cavernous sinus or spheno-parietal sinus.
The Great Cerebral Vein empties to the proximal part of the straight sinus.
The tributaries of the Internal Cerebral Vein are:
- Thalamo-striate vein
- Choroid vein
- Vein of the vellum pallucidum
The anterior cerebral vein drains the orbital surface of the frontal lobe.
The middle deep vein drains the insula and operculum.
The tributaries of the Great Cerebral Vein are:
- Internal Cerebral Vein
- Basilar Vein

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the Choroid Plexus.
The circulation pathway of cerebrospinal fluid is:
- Lateral ventricle
- Interventricular foramen
- Third ventricle
- Aqueduct
- Fourth ventricle
- Medial and lateral foramina
- Subarachnoid space
- Absorption in sinuses of the dura matter and veins of the vertebral canal.

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Description

Quiz about the blood vessels that supply the brain, including the internal carotid artery and vertebral artery. Learn about the segments of the internal carotid artery and the petrosal segment.