MUSCLE,JOINTS AND TENDONS
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary component that makes bone strong and hard?

  • Chondrocytes
  • Bone cells
  • Collagen fibers
  • Calcium salts (correct)
  • Which type of bone is characterized by a dense and heavy structure?

  • Cartilage
  • Spongy bone
  • Compact bone (correct)
  • Elastic bone
  • What characteristic of cartilage allows it to act as a shock absorber?

  • Its tensile strength
  • Its elasticity (correct)
  • Its hardness
  • Its density
  • Which type of cartilage has bundles of densely packed collagen and is less flexible?

    <p>White fibrous cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of tendons?

    <p>Joining muscles to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material are ligaments primarily composed of?

    <p>Elastic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do ligaments play in joint function?

    <p>They hold bones together and allow for movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if tendons stretch excessively?

    <p>Energy from muscles is wasted on stretching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason cartilage is present in a joint?

    <p>To prevent bone erosion from friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint type provides the greatest range of motion?

    <p>Ball and socket joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do the transverse (T) tubules serve in muscle fibre cells?

    <p>They spread electrical impulses throughout the sarcoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

    <p>To store and release calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the antagonistic pairs of muscles?

    <p>One muscle extends while the other flexes a joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main components contributing to the properties of ligaments?

    <p>Collagen and white fibrous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is synovial fluid primarily responsible for in joints?

    <p>Lubricating the joint for smoother movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bone Structure and Function

    • Bone is the main tissue of the skeleton, known for its strength and hardness.
    • Composed of bone cells embedded in a matrix containing collagen and calcium salts.
    • Particularly strong under compression forces, allowing for weight-bearing capabilities.
    • Compact bone is dense and heavy, located in long bones.
    • Spongy bone has a lighter, open structure and is found in areas like the pelvis and femur.

    Cartilage Characteristics

    • Cartilage is a flexible yet hard tissue comprising chondrocytes within an organic matrix with collagen fibrils.
    • Elasticity allows cartilage to stretch and return to its original shape, making it a good shock absorber.
    • Two main types:
      • Hyaline Cartilage: Found at the ends of bones, in the nose, airways, and parts of the ear.
      • White Fibrous Cartilage: Dense bundles of collagen provide tensile strength, found in intervertebral discs and joint spaces.

    Tendons and Ligaments

    • Tendons consist largely of white fibrous tissue, forming strong, inelastic connections between muscles and bones.
    • Tendons serve crucial roles:
      • Securely attach muscles to bones.
      • Provide limited shock absorption during sudden joint stretches.
    • Ligaments are elastic tissues that hold bones together and maintain joint alignment through capsules.
    • Variations in ligament properties arise from different amounts of collagen and white fibrous tissue.

    Joint Function and Structure

    • Joints lined with rubbery cartilage prevent bone wear by ensuring smooth movement.
    • Synovial fluid lubricates mobile joints for friction-free articulation.
    • Joint end shapes determine movement capabilities; for example:
      • Ball-and-socket joints (hip and shoulder) allow free movement.
      • Hinge joints (knees) restrict movement to bending and straightening.

    Antagonistic Muscle Pairs

    • Extensors are muscles that extend joints; Flexors are muscles that bend joints, working in opposition as antagonistic pairs.

    Skeletal Muscle Composition

    • Skeletal muscle consists of long bundles called muscle fibers.
    • Each muscle fiber's cell membrane is known as the sarcolemma, which has inward folds (T tubules) spreading electrical impulses throughout the fiber.
    • The sarcoplasmic reticulum, a network of membranes within the sarcoplasm, stores and releases calcium ions essential for muscle contraction.

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    Description

    Explore the structure and function of bone tissue in this quiz. Understand the differences between compact and spongy bone, and learn how these tissues contribute to the strength and weight of the skeleton. Test your knowledge on the components and properties that make bone an essential part of the human body.

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