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Questions and Answers
What is the name for a depression at the summit of a shield volcano that is formed due to its eruption?
What is the name for a depression at the summit of a shield volcano that is formed due to its eruption?
- Lava dome
- Caldera complex (correct)
- Stratovolcano
- Cinder Cone
Which of the following is NOT a hazard posed by active volcanoes?
Which of the following is NOT a hazard posed by active volcanoes?
- Lava flow
- Tephra falls
- Conduit (correct)
- Mudflow
Which type of volcano is formed by highly viscous lava and is considered the most dangerous?
Which type of volcano is formed by highly viscous lava and is considered the most dangerous?
- Cinder Cone
- Submarine Volcano
- Shield Volcano
- Stratovolcano (correct)
What is the name for the opening at the surface of a volcano where magma erupts?
What is the name for the opening at the surface of a volcano where magma erupts?
What type of volcano is formed by fluid lava that is ejected due to high pressure in the magma chamber?
What type of volcano is formed by fluid lava that is ejected due to high pressure in the magma chamber?
Which of the following is NOT a gas commonly released by volcanoes?
Which of the following is NOT a gas commonly released by volcanoes?
A volcanic eruption that produces a fast-moving mixture of hot gas, ash, and rock fragments is called a:
A volcanic eruption that produces a fast-moving mixture of hot gas, ash, and rock fragments is called a:
Which of these is a volcanic landform formed by lava that flows or moves down the slope of a volcanic vent?
Which of these is a volcanic landform formed by lava that flows or moves down the slope of a volcanic vent?
Which volcanic feature serves as a passageway for magma from the reservoir to the surface?
Which volcanic feature serves as a passageway for magma from the reservoir to the surface?
What term describes the sides or slopes of a volcano formed by accumulated volcanic material?
What term describes the sides or slopes of a volcano formed by accumulated volcanic material?
Which type of volcano is characterized by its broad, shield-like shape formed by highly fluid lava?
Which type of volcano is characterized by its broad, shield-like shape formed by highly fluid lava?
A mound of lava that grows inside a volcano's crater is known as a:
A mound of lava that grows inside a volcano's crater is known as a:
Which of these volcanic hazards is described as a flow of volcanic debris, also known as mudflow?
Which of these volcanic hazards is described as a flow of volcanic debris, also known as mudflow?
What is the term for glowing hot material that moves down the slope of an erupting volcano?
What is the term for glowing hot material that moves down the slope of an erupting volcano?
Which of these is the term for volcanic materials ejected above the ground, consisting of gases, ash, rock fragments, and water?
Which of these is the term for volcanic materials ejected above the ground, consisting of gases, ash, rock fragments, and water?
What is the term describing a crack in the ground where magma can erupt?
What is the term describing a crack in the ground where magma can erupt?
Flashcards
Fissure
Fissure
A crack or tear in the ground where hot molten rocks can come out.
Conduit
Conduit
The passageway where magma travels from the reservoir or chamber below the volcano to the vent of the volcano at the surface.
Vent
Vent
The opening at the surface of a volcano where lava, ash, and gases erupt.
Crater
Crater
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Flank
Flank
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Stratovolcano
Stratovolcano
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Shield Volcano
Shield Volcano
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Cinder Cone
Cinder Cone
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Study Notes
Anatomy of a Volcano
- Fissure: A crack or tear in the ground where hot molten rocks emerge.
- Conduit: The passageway magma travels from the reservoir to the vent.
- Vent: The opening at the surface.
- Crater: A bowl-shaped depression at the volcano's peak, collecting volcanic material.
- Flank: The sides or slopes, formed by accumulated material from past eruptions.
Three Major Types of Volcano
- Stratovolcano: Formed by highly viscous, slow-moving lava; the most dangerous type. Common in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
- Shield Volcano: Formed by loose, fluid lava flowing easily over each other; low and broad, resembling a shield.
- Cinder Cone: Formed by fluid lava ejected due to high pressure buildup in the magma chamber.
Other Associated Volcanic Landforms
- Caldera complex: A summit depression, often found in shield volcanoes.
- Lava dome: A mound of lava formed after eruption. Can be inside (crytodome) or outside (exodome) the crater.
- Submarine volcano: A volcano on the ocean floor, formed by oceanic plate collisions.
- Glacial volcano: A volcano covered by glaciers.
Hazards Posed by Active Volcanoes
- Blasts: Fast-moving bursts of trapped gases pushing into the atmosphere.
- Dome growth: A mound of lava growing inside (crytodome) or outside (exodome) the crater.
- Gases: Water vapor (Hâ‚‚O), hydrogen sulfide (Hâ‚‚S), sulfur dioxide (SOâ‚‚), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen (Hâ‚‚), and carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) are released.
- Lahar: Volcanic mudflow or debris flow.
- Lava flow: Molten rock flowing down volcanic slopes.
- Pyroclastic flow: Hot, glowing material moving down a volcanic slope.
- Pyroclastic surges: A mixture of gases, ash, rock fragments, and water ejected above the ground.
- Tephra Falls: Pumice, scoria, rock fragments, and crystals fall from the eruption column. Particles range from ash (2 mm) to blocks (>64 mm).
- Tsunami: Large sea waves caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
Volcanic Eruptions
- Hawaiian: Least violent, with highly fluid lava flowing from multiple vents.
- Strombolian: Violent, continuous ejection of magma and gas.
- Vulcanian: Violent eruptions of viscous lava and ash columns.
- Plinian: Most explosive, with sustained eruptions, plumes, and pyroclastic flows.
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