Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which two bones form the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?
Which two bones form the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?
- Clavicle and Scapula (correct)
- Humerus and Radius
- Ulna and Humerus
- Clavicle and Humerus
Which bone forms the proximal segment of the upper limb?
Which bone forms the proximal segment of the upper limb?
- Scapula
- Radius
- Ulna
- Humerus (correct)
What is the medial bone of the forearm called?
What is the medial bone of the forearm called?
- Clavicle
- Ulna (correct)
- Radius
- Humerus
What type of bone classification applies to the upper limb bones?
What type of bone classification applies to the upper limb bones?
Which of the following bones is found in the middle segment of the upper limb?
Which of the following bones is found in the middle segment of the upper limb?
How many carpal bones are present in the wrist?
How many carpal bones are present in the wrist?
Which joint is primarily formed by the humerus?
Which joint is primarily formed by the humerus?
Which of the following correctly describes the location of the radius and ulna?
Which of the following correctly describes the location of the radius and ulna?
What are the facets of the humerus?
What are the facets of the humerus?
What are the components of the intertubercular sulcus?
What are the components of the intertubercular sulcus?
Which cavity does the head of the humerus articulate with?
Which cavity does the head of the humerus articulate with?
Which direction is the head of the humerus oriented?
Which direction is the head of the humerus oriented?
Which direction does the trochlear notch of the ulna face?
Which direction does the trochlear notch of the ulna face?
What is the direction of the lesser tubercle on the humerus?
What is the direction of the lesser tubercle on the humerus?
What shape is the head of the radius?
What shape is the head of the radius?
What is the orientation of the radial notch on the proximal end of the ulna?
What is the orientation of the radial notch on the proximal end of the ulna?
Which side of the humerus is the deltoid tuberosity directed toward?
Which side of the humerus is the deltoid tuberosity directed toward?
Which feature distinguishes the proximal end of the humerus?
Which feature distinguishes the proximal end of the humerus?
Which part of the radius is an attachment site for the interosseous membrane?
Which part of the radius is an attachment site for the interosseous membrane?
Which of the following correctly describes the side determination of the proximal humerus?
Which of the following correctly describes the side determination of the proximal humerus?
How does the shaft of the radius compare in terms of cross-section shape?
How does the shaft of the radius compare in terms of cross-section shape?
What structure articulates with the capitulum of the humerus?
What structure articulates with the capitulum of the humerus?
What characteristic distinguishes the distal end of the radius compared to its proximal end?
What characteristic distinguishes the distal end of the radius compared to its proximal end?
Which part of the body does the radius belong to?
Which part of the body does the radius belong to?
What is the 1st digit of the hand commonly referred to as?
What is the 1st digit of the hand commonly referred to as?
Which digit is considered the 4th digit of the hand?
Which digit is considered the 4th digit of the hand?
From lateral to medial, which digit is the little finger?
From lateral to medial, which digit is the little finger?
In the naming system of the hand's digits, the 2nd digit is known as what?
In the naming system of the hand's digits, the 2nd digit is known as what?
What is the order of the digits from lateral to medial?
What is the order of the digits from lateral to medial?
What joint is formed by the articulation of the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus?
What joint is formed by the articulation of the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus?
Which surface of the scapula is directed posteriorly?
Which surface of the scapula is directed posteriorly?
In which direction is the greater tubercle of the humerus directed?
In which direction is the greater tubercle of the humerus directed?
Which structure directs superiorly on the scapula?
Which structure directs superiorly on the scapula?
What is the anatomical position of the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
What is the anatomical position of the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
Which end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula?
Which end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula?
What type of bone is the humerus classified as?
What type of bone is the humerus classified as?
What serves as the base for determining the side of the scapula?
What serves as the base for determining the side of the scapula?
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Study Notes
Objectives of the Lab
- Understand types and general features of bones in the upper limb.
- Determine the right or left orientation of the bones.
- Identify joints formed by upper limb bones.
Bones of the Upper Limb
- Pectoral Girdle: Composed of the clavicle (anterior) and scapula (posterior).
- Proximal Segment (Arm): Humerus serves as the main bone.
- Middle Segment (Forearm): Consists of the ulna (medial) and radius (lateral).
- Distal Segment (Wrist): Comprised of 8 carpal bones.
Scapula
- Shape: Appears as an inverted triangle.
- Orientation Features:
- Acromion process points superiorly.
- Spine of scapula oriented posteriorly.
- Glenoid cavity faces laterally.
- Joints:
- Glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus (shoulder joint).
- Acromial end connects with the acromion of the scapula (acromioclavicular joint).
Humerus
- Type: Long bone.
- Key Features:
- Head directed medially.
- Notable anatomical landmarks include the anatomical neck, surgical neck, lesser tubercle (anterior), greater tubercle (lateral).
- Intertubercular sulcus has medial lip, floor, and lateral lip.
- Deltoid tuberosity directs laterally.
- Proximal End: Articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint.
Radius
- Position: Lateral bone of the forearm, constricted at the proximal end.
- Proximal End Features:
- Head is disc-shaped, connecting with the humerus at the capitulum.
- Radial notch of the ulna accommodates the margin of the disc.
- Shaft: Triangular cross-section with three borders (anterior, posterior, interosseous).
- The interosseous border serves as an attachment for interosseous membrane linking radius and ulna.
Ulna
- Key Characteristics:
- Trochlear notch is oriented superiorly.
- Styloid process is directed inferiorly.
- Radial notch faces laterally.
Digits of the Hand
- Names of fingers from lateral to medial:
- 1st digit: Thumb (pollex).
- 2nd digit: Index finger.
- 3rd digit: Middle finger.
- 4th digit: Ring finger.
- 5th digit: Little finger (digit minimi).
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