Anatomy Lab: Hindlimb and Its Joints
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Questions and Answers

What is the site of origin of the internal obturator muscle?

  • Ischiatic table (correct)
  • Ischiatic arch
  • Body of the ischium
  • Ischiatic tuberosity

    • What muscles attach to the ischiatic tuberosity medially?

  • Crus of the penis and surrounding muscle (correct)
  • Biceps femoris and semitendinosus
  • Quadratus femoris and external obturator
  • Semitendinosus and semimembranosus

    • What forms the caudal part of the os coxae?

  • Ramus
  • Pubis
  • Ilium
  • Ischium (correct)

    • What is the function of the ischiatic arch?

    <p>Forms the ischiatic arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the obturator foramen closed by in life?

    <p>The obturator membrane and the external and internal obturator muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flexor angle of the hip approximately?

    <p>110 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lateral angle of the ischiatic tuberosity?

    <p>Enlarged and hooked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ventral surface of the ischiatic tuberosity the place of origin for?

    <p>Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the lesser trochanter and the third trochanter?

    <p>In the same transverse plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the body of the femur?

    <p>Cylindrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ischiatic table?

    <p>The flat portion where the ramus meets the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What extends from the ilium and ischium laterally to the symphysis medially?

    <p>Pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surface of the proximal cranial part of the femur like?

    <p>Smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surface of the caudal part of the femur like?

    <p>Rough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the gluteal insertion?

    <p>At the base of the greater trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the head of the femur?

    <p>Hemispherical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the knee joint in the hindlimb?

    <p>Patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the joint that sits on the front of the hind leg in line with the abdomen?

    <p>Stifle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of the hind leg beneath the knee to the hock?

    <p>Tibia and Fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strangely shaped joint that makes a sharp angle at the back of the dog's leg?

    <p>Hock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the bones that form the pelvic girdle?

    <p>Ilium, Ischium, Pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fusion of the three bones in the pelvic girdle?

    <p>Symphysis pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the two os-coxae bones that form a cartilaginous joint?

    <p>Ossa-coxarum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the space enclosed by the pelvic bones?

    <p>Pelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the floor or ventral wall of the pelvic cavity?

    <p>Pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the roof or dorsal wall of the pelvic cavity?

    <p>Sacrum and first few caudal vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the stifle joint in dogs?

    <p>Hinge joint with two cartilages/menisci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the caudal cruciate ligament?

    <p>Prevents anterior translation of the tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones does the stifle joint join?

    <p>Femur, patella, and tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of motion of the stifle joint?

    <p>Flexion and extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ligament that connects the lateral meniscus to the femur?

    <p>Meniscofemoral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the hip joint in dogs?

    <p>Ball and socket joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the dislocation of the kneecap?

    <p>Luxating Patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bone that has a concave gluteal surface?

    <p>Ilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the acetabular lip?

    <p>To deepen the acetabulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ligament that connects the femoral head to the acetabulum?

    <p>Ligament of the femoral head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two ligaments that support the canine hock?

    <p>Medial and lateral collateral ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is fused with the joint capsule and medial meniscus?

    <p>Medial collateral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the femoropatellar ligament?

    <p>Connects the patella to the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ligament that connects the caudolateral femur to the cranial tibia?

    <p>Cranial cruciate ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the femoropatellar ligament?

    <p>Lateral and medial epicondyles to patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for the joint that includes the hock?

    <p>Tarsal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pelvic Limb (Hindlimb) Regions

    • The pelvic limb (hindlimb) consists of four regions: Pelvic Girdle, Thigh, Leg/Crus, and Hindpaw/Pes
    • Pelvic Girdle: Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
    • Thigh: Femur (1) and Patella (1)
    • Leg/Crus: Tibia (2) and Fibula (2)
    • Hindpaw/Pes: Tarsal bones (7), Metatarsal bones (5), and Phalanges (12)

    Pelvic Girdle/Pelvis/Hip

    • The pelvic girdle consists of two similar bones: the os-coxae of both sides and the sacrum
    • Os-coxae bones: Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
    • Fused ventrally by the symphysis pelvis/pelvic symphysis
    • The symphysis pelvis consists of the ischial tuberosity posteriorly and the pubic symphysis anteriorly
    • The pelvic cavity is a simple ovoid space enclosed by the pelvic bones
    • The floor or ventral wall is formed by the pubis and ischium bones
    • The roof or dorsal wall is formed by the sacrum and the first few caudal vertebrae
    • The lateral walls are formed by the parts of the ilium, sacro-sciatic ligament, and the acetabular part of the ischia

    Ischium

    • Forms the caudal part of the os-coxae and enters into the formation of the acetabulum, obturator foramen, and ischiatic tuberosity
    • Consists of tuberosity, body, table, and ramus
    • The ischiatic tuberosity is the thick caudolateral margin of the bone
    • The lateral angle of the tuber is enlarged and hooked, furnishing attachment for the sacrotuberous ligament
    • The medial angle is rounded
    • The ventral surface is the place of origin for the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

    Pubis

    • Extends from the ilium and ischium laterally to the symphysis medially
    • The body of the pubis is the part lateral to the obturator foramen

    Femur

    • The largest bone in the body
    • A typical long bone with a cylindrical body and two expanded extremities
    • The flexor angle of the hip is about 110 degrees
    • The third and lesser trochanters are located in about the same transverse plane
    • The vastus parts of the quadriceps femoris attach to the smooth proximal cranial part of the femur
    • The body of the femur is slightly convex cranially
    • Viewed cranially, the body presents a smooth, rounded surface

    Stifle (Knee) Joint

    • A hinge joint with two cartilages/menisci
    • Type: Hinge joint with two cartilages/menisci
    • Femur and tibia - femorotibial (condylar)
    • Femur and patella – femoropatellar (gliding joint)
    • ROM: Flexion and extension; At the end of flexion, there is internal rotation; At the end of extension, there is external rotation

    Hip Joint (Coxo-femoral joint)

    • Type: Ball and socket; Femoral head and acetabulum of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
    • A band of fibrocartilage on the rim of the acetabulum deepens the acetabulum
    • ROM: Flexion and extension; Minimal adduction and abduction
    • Supporting structures: Acetabular lip (fibrocartilage) continues as transverse ligament; Ligament of the femoral head; Synovial structures and tendon sheaths

    Tarsal (Hock) Joint

    • Supporting structures of canine hock: medial and lateral collateral ligaments
    • Luxating Patella: Dislocation of kneecap

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    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy of the hindlimb, including the pelvic limb regions, bones, and joints. It's a perfect resource for students studying anatomy, especially in the context of the S.Y. '23-'24 semester.

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