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Questions and Answers
What is the site of origin of the internal obturator muscle?
What is the site of origin of the internal obturator muscle?
- Ischiatic table (correct)
- Ischiatic arch
- Body of the ischium
- Ischiatic tuberosity
What muscles attach to the ischiatic tuberosity medially?
What muscles attach to the ischiatic tuberosity medially?
- Crus of the penis and surrounding muscle (correct)
- Biceps femoris and semitendinosus
- Quadratus femoris and external obturator
- Semitendinosus and semimembranosus
What forms the caudal part of the os coxae?
What forms the caudal part of the os coxae?
- Ramus
- Pubis
- Ilium
- Ischium (correct)
What is the function of the ischiatic arch?
What is the function of the ischiatic arch?
What is the obturator foramen closed by in life?
What is the obturator foramen closed by in life?
What is the flexor angle of the hip approximately?
What is the flexor angle of the hip approximately?
What is the lateral angle of the ischiatic tuberosity?
What is the lateral angle of the ischiatic tuberosity?
What is the ventral surface of the ischiatic tuberosity the place of origin for?
What is the ventral surface of the ischiatic tuberosity the place of origin for?
What is the location of the lesser trochanter and the third trochanter?
What is the location of the lesser trochanter and the third trochanter?
What is the shape of the body of the femur?
What is the shape of the body of the femur?
What is the ischiatic table?
What is the ischiatic table?
What extends from the ilium and ischium laterally to the symphysis medially?
What extends from the ilium and ischium laterally to the symphysis medially?
What is the surface of the proximal cranial part of the femur like?
What is the surface of the proximal cranial part of the femur like?
What is the surface of the caudal part of the femur like?
What is the surface of the caudal part of the femur like?
What is the location of the gluteal insertion?
What is the location of the gluteal insertion?
What is the shape of the head of the femur?
What is the shape of the head of the femur?
Which bone forms the knee joint in the hindlimb?
Which bone forms the knee joint in the hindlimb?
What is the joint that sits on the front of the hind leg in line with the abdomen?
What is the joint that sits on the front of the hind leg in line with the abdomen?
What is the part of the hind leg beneath the knee to the hock?
What is the part of the hind leg beneath the knee to the hock?
What is the strangely shaped joint that makes a sharp angle at the back of the dog's leg?
What is the strangely shaped joint that makes a sharp angle at the back of the dog's leg?
What are the bones that form the pelvic girdle?
What are the bones that form the pelvic girdle?
What is the term for the fusion of the three bones in the pelvic girdle?
What is the term for the fusion of the three bones in the pelvic girdle?
What is the term for the two os-coxae bones that form a cartilaginous joint?
What is the term for the two os-coxae bones that form a cartilaginous joint?
What is the space enclosed by the pelvic bones?
What is the space enclosed by the pelvic bones?
What forms the floor or ventral wall of the pelvic cavity?
What forms the floor or ventral wall of the pelvic cavity?
What forms the roof or dorsal wall of the pelvic cavity?
What forms the roof or dorsal wall of the pelvic cavity?
What type of joint is the stifle joint in dogs?
What type of joint is the stifle joint in dogs?
What is the function of the caudal cruciate ligament?
What is the function of the caudal cruciate ligament?
Which of the following bones does the stifle joint join?
Which of the following bones does the stifle joint join?
What is the range of motion of the stifle joint?
What is the range of motion of the stifle joint?
What is the name of the ligament that connects the lateral meniscus to the femur?
What is the name of the ligament that connects the lateral meniscus to the femur?
What type of joint is the hip joint in dogs?
What type of joint is the hip joint in dogs?
What is the term for the dislocation of the kneecap?
What is the term for the dislocation of the kneecap?
What is the name of the bone that has a concave gluteal surface?
What is the name of the bone that has a concave gluteal surface?
What is the function of the acetabular lip?
What is the function of the acetabular lip?
What is the name of the ligament that connects the femoral head to the acetabulum?
What is the name of the ligament that connects the femoral head to the acetabulum?
What are the two ligaments that support the canine hock?
What are the two ligaments that support the canine hock?
Which ligament is fused with the joint capsule and medial meniscus?
Which ligament is fused with the joint capsule and medial meniscus?
What is the function of the femoropatellar ligament?
What is the function of the femoropatellar ligament?
What is the name of the ligament that connects the caudolateral femur to the cranial tibia?
What is the name of the ligament that connects the caudolateral femur to the cranial tibia?
What is the location of the femoropatellar ligament?
What is the location of the femoropatellar ligament?
What is the correct term for the joint that includes the hock?
What is the correct term for the joint that includes the hock?
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Study Notes
Pelvic Limb (Hindlimb) Regions
- The pelvic limb (hindlimb) consists of four regions: Pelvic Girdle, Thigh, Leg/Crus, and Hindpaw/Pes
- Pelvic Girdle: Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
- Thigh: Femur (1) and Patella (1)
- Leg/Crus: Tibia (2) and Fibula (2)
- Hindpaw/Pes: Tarsal bones (7), Metatarsal bones (5), and Phalanges (12)
Pelvic Girdle/Pelvis/Hip
- The pelvic girdle consists of two similar bones: the os-coxae of both sides and the sacrum
- Os-coxae bones: Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
- Fused ventrally by the symphysis pelvis/pelvic symphysis
- The symphysis pelvis consists of the ischial tuberosity posteriorly and the pubic symphysis anteriorly
- The pelvic cavity is a simple ovoid space enclosed by the pelvic bones
- The floor or ventral wall is formed by the pubis and ischium bones
- The roof or dorsal wall is formed by the sacrum and the first few caudal vertebrae
- The lateral walls are formed by the parts of the ilium, sacro-sciatic ligament, and the acetabular part of the ischia
Ischium
- Forms the caudal part of the os-coxae and enters into the formation of the acetabulum, obturator foramen, and ischiatic tuberosity
- Consists of tuberosity, body, table, and ramus
- The ischiatic tuberosity is the thick caudolateral margin of the bone
- The lateral angle of the tuber is enlarged and hooked, furnishing attachment for the sacrotuberous ligament
- The medial angle is rounded
- The ventral surface is the place of origin for the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus
Pubis
- Extends from the ilium and ischium laterally to the symphysis medially
- The body of the pubis is the part lateral to the obturator foramen
Femur
- The largest bone in the body
- A typical long bone with a cylindrical body and two expanded extremities
- The flexor angle of the hip is about 110 degrees
- The third and lesser trochanters are located in about the same transverse plane
- The vastus parts of the quadriceps femoris attach to the smooth proximal cranial part of the femur
- The body of the femur is slightly convex cranially
- Viewed cranially, the body presents a smooth, rounded surface
Stifle (Knee) Joint
- A hinge joint with two cartilages/menisci
- Type: Hinge joint with two cartilages/menisci
- Femur and tibia - femorotibial (condylar)
- Femur and patella – femoropatellar (gliding joint)
- ROM: Flexion and extension; At the end of flexion, there is internal rotation; At the end of extension, there is external rotation
Hip Joint (Coxo-femoral joint)
- Type: Ball and socket; Femoral head and acetabulum of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
- A band of fibrocartilage on the rim of the acetabulum deepens the acetabulum
- ROM: Flexion and extension; Minimal adduction and abduction
- Supporting structures: Acetabular lip (fibrocartilage) continues as transverse ligament; Ligament of the femoral head; Synovial structures and tendon sheaths
Tarsal (Hock) Joint
- Supporting structures of canine hock: medial and lateral collateral ligaments
- Luxating Patella: Dislocation of kneecap
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