Anatomy Exam Questions - Modules I & II

The first cervical vertebra, characterized by its lack of a vertebral body and the presence of a lateral mass.

The second cervical vertebra with a tooth-like projection called the dens that acts as a pivot point for the atlas.

The sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae, featuring an auricular surface that articulates with the ilium.

The sternum, or breastbone, is comprised of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

The rib consists of a head that articulates with the thoracic vertebrae, a neck, and a shaft.

The acetabulum is a cup-shaped socket on the hip bone, where the head of the femur articulates.

The capitulum is a small rounded prominence located on the distal end of the humerus, articulating with the radius.

The styloid process is a small, pointed projection found on the distal end of the radius.

The proximal row of carpal bones includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform.

The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is part of the appendicular skeleton, not the axial skeleton.

The spinous process, anterior arch, transverse foramen, and lateral mass are all parts of the atlas.

Humans have two pairs of floating ribs, which are not attached to the sternum.

The hamate bone is part of the distal row of carpal bones, not the proximal row.

The maxilla does not have a cerebral surface. It primarily forms the upper jaw and part of the face.

The maxilla has all processes except the lacrimal process.

The hypophyseal fossa is a depression in the sphenoid bone, housing the pituitary gland. The sella turcica is the name of the whole structure.

The mandibular fossa on the temporal bone forms the articulation point for the mandible.

The condylar process, which articulates with the temporal bone, is located on the mandible.

The mamillary process is a small projection found on the posterior surface of the lumbar vertebrae, not a part of the typical vertebra.

The trochlea is part of the humerus, specifically the distal end. It articulates with the ulna.

The cuboid bone is part of the tarsals, which are located in the ankle and foot.

The mental foramen is a small opening located on the mandible, allowing passage for a nerve and blood vessel.

The coronoid process, a projection on the mandible, assists in jaw movement.

The promontory is the most prominent anterior portion of the sacrum, forming a landmark for the pelvic region.

The coracoid process, a beak-like projection, is located on the scapula, contributing to shoulder joint stability.

The groove for the radial nerve is located on the humerus, specifically the posterior aspect. It allows passage for the radial nerve.

The frontal process is a projection located on the maxilla, contributing to the formation of the nasal cavity.

The deltoid tuberosity, a roughened area on the humerus, serves as an attachment point for the deltoid muscle.

The capitulum is a rounded prominence on the distal end of the humerus, articulating with the radius.

The olecranon is a large, prominent process on the proximal end of the ulna, forming the bony prominence at the elbow.

The capitate bone is a large, rounded bone located in the distal row of carpal bones, contributing to wrist function.

The cuboid bone is a cube-shaped bone located in the tarsal region of the foot, playing a vital role in ankle and foot movement.

The epicondyle is a bony prominence located on the distal end of the humerus, serving as attachment points for muscles.

The trochlear notch, a deep indentation on the ulna, allows articulation with the trochlea of the humerus, forming the elbow joint.

The coronoid process is a beak-shaped projection on the proximal end of the ulna, participating in elbow joint movement.

The sciatic notch is a large indentation on the posterior aspect of the ischium, allowing the passage of the sciatic nerve.

The foramen magnum, a large opening in the occipital bone, allows the passage of the spinal cord.

The hypoglossal canal is a small channel in the occipital bone, allowing passage for the hypoglossal nerve, which controls tongue movement.

The condyles are rounded prominences on the occipital bone, forming the articulation point for the first cervical vertebra (atlas).

The external occipital protuberance is a bony prominence located on the back of the skull, serving as an attachment point for muscles.

The facial canal, a bony passageway in the temporal bone, houses the facial nerve, controlling facial expressions.

The carotid groove is a shallow depression located on the sphenoid bone, allowing passage for the internal carotid artery.

The mastoid process is a bony projection located behind the ear on the temporal bone.

The clivus, a sloping surface on the internal surface of the cranial floor, allows passage for the brainstem.

The hard palate is a bony structure forming the roof of the mouth, providing a support for the tongue and teeth during chewing.

The maxilla is a major bone of the face, contributing to the upper jaw and the formation of the nasal cavity.

The stylomastoid foramen, located on the temporal bone, serves as the exit point for the facial nerve.

The palatine bone contributes to the formation of the hard palate and nasal cavity.

The palatine process of the maxilla is a horizontal projection of the maxilla, forming part of the hard palate.

The coronoid process, a projection on the mandible, participates in jaw movement and provides attachment points for muscles.

The sphenoid sinus, located within the sphenoid bone, opens into the superior nasal meatus, contributing to air circulation.

The maxillary sinus, located within the maxilla, opens into the middle nasal meatus, contributing to air circulation within the nasal cavity.

The cribriform plate, a part of the ethmoid bone, forms the roof of the nasal cavity.

The frontal bone forms the superior wall of the orbits, protecting the eyes and contributing to the skull's structure.

The superior nasal concha, located within the nasal cavity, helps to increase the surface area for better air filtration and warming.

The foramen rotundum, a small opening in the sphenoid bone, allows passage for a branch of the trigeminal nerve.

The superior orbital fissure, a gap between bones in the skull, connects the orbit to the cranial cavity, allowing passage for nerves and blood vessels.

The olfactory foramina are small openings located on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, allowing passage for olfactory nerves, responsible for smell.

The hard palate, a bony structure formed by the palatine bones and maxillae, forms the floor of the nasal cavity, separating the nasal cavity from the oral cavity.

The maxilla, a major bone of the face, forms the floor of the orbit, protecting the eye and contributing to face structure.

The lacrimal bone, small and fragile, forms part of the medial wall orbit, contributing to the eye socket.

A suture is a type of fibrous joint found in the skull, creating seams between bones, allowing for skull flexibility during development.

A fontanel is a soft spot found in the skull of an infant, allowing for brain growth and development.

The coronal suture unites the frontal bone with the parietal bones, forming one of the major sutures of the skull.

The lambdoid suture unites the parietal bones with the occipital bone, forming one of the major sutures of the skull.

The sagittal suture unites the right and left parietal bones, creating a seam running along the midline of the skull.

The articular labrum is a rim of fibrocartilage that deepens the articular cavity, enhancing joint stability and providing a cushioning effect.

The articular disc is a plate of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divides the joint cavity, allowing for smooth movement and reducing friction.

The articular labrum is a rim of fibrocartilage that deepens the articular cavity, enhancing joint stability and providing a cushioning effect.

The articular meniscus is a C-shaped fibrocartilage located within the knee joint, providing shock absorption and enhancing joint stability.

A pivot joint is a type of synovial joint that allows for rotation around a central axis, like a door hinge.

A ball and socket joint is a type of synovial joint that allows for movement in multiple planes, like a ball rotating in a socket.

A saddle joint is a type of synovial joint that allows for biaxial movement, where one bone moves in a saddle-shaped depression of another bone.

An ellipsoidal joint, also known as a condyloid joint, is a type of synovial joint that allows for biaxial movement, where one bone's oval-shaped condyle fits into a similarly shaped depression on another bone.

The anterior fontanel is located at the intersection of the frontal and parietal bones, also known as the soft spot on an infant's skull.

The posterior fontanel is located at the intersection of the parietal bones and the occipital bone, allowing for brain growth and development in infants.

A condyloid joint, also known as an ellipsoidal joint, allows for biaxial movement, where one bone's oval-shaped condyle fits into a similarly shaped depression on another bone.

The lambdoid suture is located between the parietal bones and the occipital bone at the back of the skull.

The sphenomandibular ligament is a ligament that connects the sphenoid bone to the mandible, supporting the temporomandibular joint.

The articular disc is a plate of fibrocartilage that partially divides the joint cavity in the temporomandibular joint, allowing for smooth movement and reducing friction.

The ligamentum supraspinale connects the tips of the spinous processes of the vertebrae, providing stability to the vertebral column.

The ligamentum flava connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae, providing stability and contributing to the elasticity of the vertebral column.

The middle atlantoaxial joint is a pivot joint, where the dens of the axis acts as a pivot point for the atlas.

The sternoclavicular joint contains an articular disc, a plate of fibrocartilage that separates the joint surfaces, allowing for smooth movement and reducing friction.

The articular labrum, a rim of fibrocartilage, deepens the glenoid cavity in the shoulder, enhancing joint stability and providing a cushioning effect.

The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is a ball and socket joint, allowing for movement in all directions, like a ball rotating inside a socket.

Ligamentum capitis femoris, also known as the ligament of the head of the femur, is an intracapsular ligament of the hip joint, providing stability and contributing to blood supply to the femoral head.

The knee joint is formed by the articulation of the femur, tibia, and patella. The fibula does not directly participate in the knee joint.

The ligamentum capitis femoris, located within the hip joint, provides stability and contributes to blood supply to the femoral head. It is not associated with the knee joint.

The hip joint is a ball and socket joint, allowing for movement in all directions, like a ball rotating inside a socket.

The menisci, C-shaped fibrocartilages within the knee joint, enhance joint stability and provide shock absorption.

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a sesamoid bone, embedded within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, enhancing the knee joint's efficiency and providing protection.

The radiocarpal joint, a joint between the radius and the carpal bones, is a biaxial joint, allowing for movement in two planes: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction.

The elbow joint is formed by the articulation of the humerus, ulna, and radius. The femur is not involved in this joint.

The suprapatellar bursa, a fluid-filled sac located above the patella, helps to reduce friction between the tendon and bone during knee movement.

The prepatellar bursa, a fluid-filled sac located in front of the patella, helps to reduce friction between the skin and bone during knee movement.

The acetabular labrum is a rim of fibrocartilage that deepens the acetabulum, enhancing the stability of the hip joint.