Questions and Answers
Which of these options are examples of long bones? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is a function of cartilage? (Select all that apply)
What happens during interstitial growth of cartilage?
New cells and new matrix are produced.
What are leftover parts of osteons that have been partially resorbed called?
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What is the function of osteoclasts?
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What are bone-producing cells called?
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What are the concentric rings of bone produced called?
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What type of cell is a phagocytic multinucleated cell involved in bone resorption?
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What type of cells produces osteoid as part of the bone formation process?
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What type of stem cell is found in bone marrow?
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What is a mature bone cell that recognizes mechanical stress called?
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Which cartilage is found joining the ribs to the sternum?
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Which cells are involved in fracture repair? (Select all that apply)
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Which of the following is an organic component of bone?
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What type of bone is a carpal?
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What type of bone is the scapula?
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What type of bone is the femur?
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What type of bone is a vertebra?
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Once the epiphyseal plate fuses and forms an epiphyseal line, the long bone continues to grow in length, but at a slower rate.
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Cartilage growth that occurs at the internal edge of the perichondrium is called _________________ growth.
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What vitamin stimulates absorption of digested minerals and increases deposition of bone matrix?
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What vitamin stimulates the production of collagen, the primary organic component of the bone matrix?
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What vitamin stimulates the production of additional osteoblasts?
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The external surface of short bones consists of ______ bone while the interior consists of ______ bone.
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If you look at the cross section of a long bone under a microscope, what are the rings of bone immediately internal to the periosteum called?
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What type of bone develops from mesenchyme?
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What type of bone begins with a hyaline cartilage model?
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Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics in compact bone travel through the _____ of an individual osteon; a _____ provides a passageway for the same types of structures, but between multiple osteons.
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_____ bone contains no osteons, but consists of trabeculae composed of parallel lamellae.
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The periosteum is attached to compact bone by _______ fibers.
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What type of cartilage is found in the trachea?
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What type of cartilage is found in the pubic symphysis?
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What type of cartilage is the auricle of the ear made of?
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Cartilage serves as a model for bone growth.
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During interstitial growth, what are the two new cells created by mitosis called?
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Study Notes
Long Bones
- Examples include tibia, phalanges, and humerus.
- Long bones are characterized by a shaft and two ends.
Functions of Cartilage
- Supports soft tissues and provides a gliding surface at joints.
- Serves as a precursor for the formation of most bones.
Interstitial Growth of Cartilage
- Involves the production of new cells and matrix, allowing cartilage to expand in size.
Osteons and Lamellae
- Leftover parts of osteons that have undergone partial resorption are known as interstitial lamellae.
- Concentric rings of bone are termed lamellae.
Bone Cell Functions
- Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption.
- Osteoblasts produce osteoid, contributing to bone formation.
- Osteocytes, mature bone cells, sense mechanical stress and gravitational forces.
Stem Cells in Bone
- Osteoprogenitor cells found in bone marrow serve as stem cells for bone development.
Types of Cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage connects ribs to the sternum.
- Fibrocartilage composes the pubic symphysis.
- Elastic cartilage is found in the auricle of the ear.
Fracture Repair
- Chondroblasts, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoclasts are all involved in repairing fractures.
Bone Composition
- The primary organic component of bone is collagen.
Bone Classification
- Carpal bones are classified as short bones.
- Scapulae are flat bones.
- Femurs are long bones.
- Vertebrae are irregular bones.
Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
- Both conditions occur due to an imbalance between bone deposition and resorption.
Growth of Cartilage
- Appositional growth occurs at the inner edge of the perichondrium.
- Interstitial growth results in the creation of chondroblasts.
Vitamins in Bone Health
- Vitamin D enhances absorption of minerals, promoting bone matrix deposition.
- Vitamin C stimulates collagen production.
- Vitamin A encourages osteoblast proliferation and matrix production.
Structure of Short Bones
- The exterior of short bones is composed of compact bone, whereas the interior consists of spongy bone.
Compact Bone Structure
- External circumferential lamellae are located just beneath the periosteum.
- Blood vessels and nerves in compact bone travel through the central canal, with perforating canals connecting different osteons.
Spongy Bone
- Spongy bone does not contain osteons and is structured with trabeculae made of parallel lamellae.
Periosteum Attachment
- The periosteum attaches to compact bone via Sharpey fibers.
Growth of Long Bones
- The epiphyseal plate's fusion into an epiphyseal line signals the cessation of growth in length, not continued growth at a slower rate.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on long bones and the functions of cartilage with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential concepts related to the anatomy of the skeletal system as presented in Chapter 6 of your textbook. Perfect for exam preparation and reinforcement of key terms and definitions.
