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Questions and Answers
If a newly discovered organic molecule contains 5 carbon atoms, how would it be classified?
If a newly discovered organic molecule contains 5 carbon atoms, how would it be classified?
- Tetrose
- Pentose (correct)
- Triose
- Hexose
Which characteristic primarily distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid?
Which characteristic primarily distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid?
- The presence of double bonds between carbon atoms. (correct)
- The number of phosphate groups.
- The type of monosaccharide unit.
- The presence of nitrogen atoms.
During protein synthesis, what is the direct role of the primary structure of a protein?
During protein synthesis, what is the direct role of the primary structure of a protein?
- Determining the overall 3D shape of the protein.
- Protecting the protein from denaturation.
- Facilitating the formation of alpha-helices and beta-sheets.
- Dictating the linear sequence of amino acids. (correct)
In comparing DNA and RNA structures, which of the following is a key difference in their sugar composition and nucleotide pairing?
In comparing DNA and RNA structures, which of the following is a key difference in their sugar composition and nucleotide pairing?
How does the structural arrangement of trans unsaturated fatty acids differ from that of cis unsaturated fatty acids, and what is the consequence of this difference?
How does the structural arrangement of trans unsaturated fatty acids differ from that of cis unsaturated fatty acids, and what is the consequence of this difference?
Flashcards
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars that cannot be further broken down; used directly by the body.
Saturated Fatty Acids
Saturated Fatty Acids
Fatty acids where each carbon atom is fully surrounded by hydrogen atoms; features single bonds.
Cis Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Cis Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Fatty acids with double bonds on the same side that create a bend in the structure.
Trans Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Trans Unsaturated Fatty Acids
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Primary Protein Structure
Primary Protein Structure
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Study Notes
- Exam 1 Review Notes – Chapter 5
Carbohydrates
- Short term energy foods.
- 3 classifications of carbohydrates included on the exam.
- Hexoses have 6 sugar carbons.
- Pentoses have 5 sugar carbons.
- Trioses contain 3 carbons.
- Monosaccharides can only be used in the body.
Lipids (Fats)
- Saturated fatty acids have hydrogens that cover the atoms exterior and contain a single bond; linear structure
- Cis unsaturated fats contain double bonds where hydrogens cover the exterior twice
- Trans unsaturated fats start and end on different sides
Proteins
- Primary proteins show a linear sequence of amino acids.
- Secondary proteins' amino acids begin folding little by little.
- Tertiary proteins are fully folded and very complex.
DNA and RNA
- DNA is a double-stranded polynucleotide containing deoxyribose sugar.
- RNA is a single-stranded polynucleotide containing ribose sugar.
- In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
- In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
- DNA and RNA run in opposite directions; 5’ and 3’ shown on image with a vertical double line.
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Description
Concise review notes covering carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins including primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, and DNA/RNA. Key points include monosaccharides, saturated vs unsaturated fats, and base pairing rules.
