Questions and Answers
What is sympathetic innervation in the context of the abdominopelvic area?
Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves.
Name the 5 autonomic plexuses above and including superior hypogastric in the abdominopelvic area.
How many autonomic plexuses are there in females and males below the superior hypogastric?
3 in females / 4 in males.
What is the difference between sacral and pelvic splanchnic nerves?
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The pelvic pain line conveys visceral pain and can be characterized by the fact that above conveys visceral pain via _____ and below conveys it via ______.
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What is the sympathetic innervation for the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?
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How many autonomic plexuses are there above and including the superior hypogastric in the abdominopelvic area?
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How many autonomous plexuses are there for females and males below the superior hypogastric area?
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The pelvic pain line conveys visceral pain above via _____.
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The pelvic pain line conveys visceral pain below via _____.
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What types of innervation does the anal canal receive?
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What is the function of sympathetic innervation to the suprarenal gland?
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Preganglionic sympathetic axons to the suprarenal medulla synapse in the celiac.
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Chromaffin cells are modified __________.
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What controls the vascular tone of the kidneys?
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The ureter innervation is from adjacent _________ plexuses.
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Ureters are located above the pelvic pain line.
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What is a common cause of visceral pain from ureters?
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What is one of the functions of parasympathetic innervation of the ureters?
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Study Notes
Sympathetic Innervation
- Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves are essential for sympathetic innervation.
- Six groupings of splanchnic nerves are identified in this area.
Autonomic Plexuses
- Five autonomic plexuses exist above and including the superior hypogastric region in the abdominopelvic area.
- Three autonomic plexuses are identified in females, while four are present in males below the superior hypogastric area.
Splanchnic Nerves
- Distinction between sacral and pelvic splanchnic nerves is crucial for understanding innervation specifics.
Pelvic Pain Line
- Defines pelvic pain referral areas based on the inferior limit of the peritoneum.
- Structures above this line convey visceral pain via sympathetic splanchnic nerves.
- Structures below this line convey visceral pain via parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves.
Anal Canal Innervation
- Superior to the pectinate line:
- Sympathetic innervation via lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves, synapsing in the inferior hypogastric plexus.
- Parasympathetic innervation via pelvic splanchnic nerves.
- Visceral pain and non-pain sensations below the pelvic pain line conveyed via pelvic splanchnic.
- Inferior to the pectinate line:
- Somatic innervation through inferior rectal nerves (branches of the pudendal nerve).
Control of Defecation
- Sympathetic stimulation inhibits rectal peristalsis and contracts the internal anal sphincter.
- Parasympathetic stimulation promotes peristalsis and colorectal gland secretion; relaxes the internal anal sphincter.
- Somatic control allows for voluntary relaxation of external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle.
Suprarenal Gland Innervation
- Exclusively receives sympathetic innervation.
- Preganglionic fibers originate from greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves.
- Celiac ganglion primarily controls vasculature, with postganglionic fibers via periarterial plexuses, managing vascular tone.
- Chromaffin cells are modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons, releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Kidney Innervation
- Sympathetic fibers arise from the least splanchnic nerve (T12), synapsing in the aorticorenal ganglion and distributed via renal plexus.
- Parasympathetic fibers travel via the vagus nerve, synapsing in intrinsic ganglia with minimal function.
- Visceral pain from the kidneys occurs above the pelvic pain line, with sympathetic fibers involved.
- Non-pain sensation from kidneys occurs through the vagus nerve.
Ureter Innervation
- Innervation of ureters arises from adjacent autonomic plexuses, including renal and hypogastric plexuses.
- Ureters are positioned above the pelvic pain line.
- Proximal, abdominal, and pelvic ureter innervation involves T11-L2 sympathetic fibers, controlling vascular tone and promoting peristalsis.
- Visceral pain in ureters (ureteric colic) is often triggered by renal calculi (kidney stones).
Urinary Bladder Innervation
- Preganglionic sympathetic fibers originate from L1-L2 via lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves, synapsing in inferior hypogastric plexus.
- Postganglionic sympathetic fibers travel through the vesical plexus for bladder function.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the sympathetic innervation of the pelvis and perineum as covered in Anatomy Lecture 6. It includes key concepts such as the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves and autonomic plexuses in both males and females. Test your understanding of the complex nerve pathways in the abdominopelvic area.
