Anatomy Chapter 9: Articulations Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

BLANK lubricates the articular cartilage of articulating bones in a synovial joint.

synovial fluid

The patella moves along the patellar surface of the femur in the BLANK joint.

patellofemoral

Occurs when the forearm rotates laterally so the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly.

supination

Select any examples of plane joints. (Select all that apply)

<p>Intertarsal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK means to 'move away' and is a lateral movement of a body part away from the body midline.

<p>abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The BLANK joint is the articulation formed at the point where the head of the mandible articulates with the tubercle of the temporal bone anteriorly and mandibular fossa posteriorly.

<p>temporomandibular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ is the medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand is directed posteriorly or interiorly.

<p>pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of joints with their relative mobility (1 being least mobile and 4 being most mobile):

<p>Plane = 1 Condylar = 2 Saddle = 3 Ball and socket = 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which are examples of hinge joints? (Select all that apply)

<p>Interphalangeal joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which are classified as a ball-and-socket joint? (Select all that apply)

<p>Hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK is the movement in an anterior-posterior plane that increases the angle between the articulating bones.

<p>extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the talocrural joint, the medial and lateral BLANK of the tibia and fibula keep the talus from sliding side to side.

<p>malleoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define abduction.

<p>Abduction is the movement of a bone away from the midline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define adduction.

<p>Adduction is the movement of a bone toward the midline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is circumduction?

<p>Circumduction is a continuous movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A BLANK joint has a fluid-filled joint cavity between articulating surfaces of the bones.

<p>synovial</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The only gomphosis in the human body is between the radius and the ulna.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK is movement in an anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between the articulating bones.

<p>flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

In synovial joints, the bone surfaces are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the BLANK.

<p>articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a joint in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue?

<p>syndesmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK means 'move toward' and is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.

<p>adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK is the extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees.

<p>hyperextension</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK are immobile (synarthrotic) fibrous joints that are found between the bones of the skull.

<p>sutures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a location of synchondrosis?

<p>epiphyseal plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus ______ly.

<p>lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibrocartilage of a BLANK resists compression and acts as a shock absorber.

<p>symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK connect bones together and reinforce most synovial joints.

<p>ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a gomphosis characterized in terms of movement?

<p>synarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which are injured in the 'unhappy triad' of knee injuries? (Select all that apply)

<p>Medial meniscus</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK is movement in an anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between the articulating bones.

<p>flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK involves turning the sole of the foot medially.

<p>inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK is a sequence of movements in which the proximal end of the appendage remains relatively stationary while the distal end makes a circular motion.

<p>circumduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ligament that supports the knee on the medial side is called the BLANK ligament.

<p>tibial collateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK occurs when the ankle joint is bent such that the superior surface of the foot and toes moves toward the leg.

<p>dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body.

<p>lateral flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK flexion occurs when a ballerina stands on her tiptoes.

<p>plantar</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) BLANK partitions the sternoclavicular joint into two separate synovial cavities, increasing the mobility of the joint.

<p>articular disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the thumb moves toward the tips of the fingers as it crosses the palm of the hand, it is called BLANK.

<p>opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Joints associated with movement of the shoulder include the sternoclavicular joint, the acromioclavicular joint, and the BLANK joint.

<p>glenohumeral</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common type of ankle sprain is due to ______ or over-eversion.

<p>over-inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The deltoid ligament is also called the BLANK ligament.

<p>medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

The BLANK reflect around the neck of the femur to provide additional stability to the hip joint capsule.

<p>ligamentous fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a 'trade off' between what two factors in every joint?

<p>mobility and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK are designed to alleviate the friction resulting from various body movements.

<p>bursae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is categorized as a symphysis? (Select all that apply)

<p>Joint between two pubic bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

BLANK are often found distributed along the periphery of synovial joints and act as packing material to provide protection for the joint.

<p>fat pads</p> Signup and view all the answers

The acromioclavicular joint is strengthened by two ligaments, the BLANK ligament and the BLANK ligament.

<p>acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common type of arthritis is BLANK.

<p>osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most costochondral joints between the ribs and the costal cartilage are classified as what type of joints?

<p>synchondroses</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The ACL is rather weak compared to the other knee ligaments.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Synovial Joints and Joint Functions

  • Synovial fluid lubricates articular cartilage, reducing friction in synovial joints.
  • The patella moves along the femur in the patellofemoral joint, essential for knee movement.
  • The temporomandibular joint connects the mandible to the temporal bone, allowing jaw movement.
  • Synovial joints have a fluid-filled cavity and are characterized by the presence of articular cartilage.

Types of Joint Movements

  • Supination is the lateral rotation of the forearm, turning the palm upward, while pronation is the medial rotation, turning the palm downward.
  • Abduction refers to moving a limb away from the midline, whereas adduction brings it closer to the midline.
  • Flexion decreases the angle between bones, and extension increases it.
  • Circumduction is a circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Joint Classifications and Examples

  • Hinge joints include the knee, elbow, and interphalangeal joints, allowing flexion and extension.
  • Ball-and-socket joints, like the glenohumeral and hip joints, allow for a full range of movements.
  • Plane joints, such as intertarsal and intercarpal joints, allow small gliding movements.
  • Syndesmosis joints connect bones with dense regular connective tissue, while sutures are immobile fibrous joints found in the skull.

Joint Features and Ligaments

  • Ligaments connect bones and reinforce joint stability; the tibial collateral ligament supports the knee medially.
  • Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction in joints, while fat pads provide cushioning.
  • The articular disc partitions the sternoclavicular joint, increasing its mobility.

Clinical Considerations

  • The "unhappy triad" of knee injuries commonly involves the medial meniscus, tibial collateral ligament, and anterior cruciate ligament.
  • Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent type of arthritis, often affecting synovial joints.
  • Common sprains, especially in the ankle, arise from over-inversion or over-eversion.

Specialized Movements

  • Dorsiflexion raises the foot toward the leg, while plantar flexion lowers it as seen in tiptoeing.
  • Inversion turns the sole of the foot medially, while lateral flexion refers to the trunk bending sideways.
  • Opposition occurs when the thumb moves towards the fingers' tips, facilitating grasping motions.

Developmental Aspects

  • Synchondroses, such as the epiphyseal plate, are cartilaginous joints critical for growth.
  • Mobility and stability often trade off in joint design; more mobile joints tend to be less stable.

Miscellaneous Facts

  • The ACL is weaker compared to other knee ligaments, emphasizing the need for injury prevention strategies.
  • Fat pads are present around synovial joints for protection and cushioning during movement.

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Description

Test your knowledge on articulations in the human body with these flashcards from Anatomy Chapter 9. This quiz covers key terms such as synovial joints, patellofemoral joints, and movements like supination. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of joint anatomy.

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