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Questions and Answers
Which vein is recognized as the longest vein in the body?
Which vein is recognized as the longest vein in the body?
What structures are typically found within the femoral triangle?
What structures are typically found within the femoral triangle?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the lymphatics in relation to veins?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the lymphatics in relation to veins?
Which muscle is NOT contained in the femoral sheath?
Which muscle is NOT contained in the femoral sheath?
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What is a major role of the inguinal lymph nodes?
What is a major role of the inguinal lymph nodes?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the anterior fascial compartment?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the anterior fascial compartment?
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What is the main function of the tensor fascia lata?
What is the main function of the tensor fascia lata?
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What structure serves as a boundary between the anterior femoral compartment and the others?
What structure serves as a boundary between the anterior femoral compartment and the others?
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Which ligament is primarily associated with the hip joint in the anterior view?
Which ligament is primarily associated with the hip joint in the anterior view?
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Which of the following is not a major articulating bone with the femur?
Which of the following is not a major articulating bone with the femur?
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What type of bone primarily provides structural integrity in the femur?
What type of bone primarily provides structural integrity in the femur?
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Which muscle is responsible for knee joint stabilization and is located in the anterior compartment?
Which muscle is responsible for knee joint stabilization and is located in the anterior compartment?
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What is the primary action of the sartorius muscle?
What is the primary action of the sartorius muscle?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the innervation of the quadriceps group?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the innervation of the quadriceps group?
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What is the role of the hamstrings in relation to the quadriceps?
What is the role of the hamstrings in relation to the quadriceps?
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What is the insertion point of the vastus medialis?
What is the insertion point of the vastus medialis?
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During knee extension, which muscle is responsible for retracting the bursa?
During knee extension, which muscle is responsible for retracting the bursa?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps group?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps group?
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Identify the correct origin of the vastus lateralis muscle.
Identify the correct origin of the vastus lateralis muscle.
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What is the primary function of the psoas major and iliacus muscles?
What is the primary function of the psoas major and iliacus muscles?
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What is the primary action of the iliopsoas?
What is the primary action of the iliopsoas?
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Which of the following is NOT an antagonist of the iliopsoas?
Which of the following is NOT an antagonist of the iliopsoas?
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Which muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?
Which muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?
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What structure does the external iliac artery turn into upon passing through the inguinal ligament?
What structure does the external iliac artery turn into upon passing through the inguinal ligament?
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Which nerve arises directly from the lumbar plexus and is responsible for cutaneous sensation?
Which nerve arises directly from the lumbar plexus and is responsible for cutaneous sensation?
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Which of the following arterial structures does NOT branch from the femoral artery?
Which of the following arterial structures does NOT branch from the femoral artery?
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What is the origin of the psoas major muscle?
What is the origin of the psoas major muscle?
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Which nerves provide sensory innervation to the anterior thigh?
Which nerves provide sensory innervation to the anterior thigh?
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Study Notes
Lecture 3: The Anterior Thigh
- The anterior thigh is covered by superficial fascia
- The anterior thigh is divided into anterior, medial and posterior compartments by deep fascia
- The femur is the longest, biggest and strongest bone in the thigh
- It articulates with the patella, tibia, and pelvis
- The femur's landmarks include greater trochanter, femoral neck, lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric crest, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, lateral lip, and medial lip.
- The head of the femur has cortical and cancellous bone
- The head of femur is strong, dense, rigid, provides structural integrity
- The cancellous bone is less dense, spongier, more flexible, dissipates stress better
- The hip has ligaments: Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral ligaments.
- The anterior compartment muscles are psoas major, iliacus, tensor fascia lata, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and articularis genu.
- Tensor fascia lata origin is lateral iliac crest, insertion is lateral condyle of the tibia (via ITB), it flexes and medially rotates the thigh, and stabilises the knee and pelvis
- Sartorius origin is ASIS, insertion is proximal, medial tibia, it flexes the hip, abducts and laterally rotates the hip, flexes the knee, and medially rotates the knee
- Rectus femoris origin is AIIS, groove above acetabulum, insertion is tibial tuberosity, via patella and tendon, it flexes the hip and extends the knee
- Vastus lateralis origin is great trochanter, lateral femur, linea aspera, insertion is tibial tuberosity, via patella and tendon, it extends the knee
- Vastus medialis origin is intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera, m supracondylar line, A magnus, insertion is tibial tuberosity, via patella and tendon, it extends the knee
- Vastus intermedius origin is anterior and lateral surfaces of femur, insertion is tibial tuberosity, via patella and tendon, it extends the knee
- Articularis genu origin is anterior surface of femur, inferior and deep to vastus intermedius, insertion is suprapatellar bursa, it retracts bursa during knee extension
Hip Flexors
- Psoas major and iliacus work together as a functional group (often referred to as iliopsoas).
- Psoas major origin is 12th thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, insertion is lesser trochanter, it flexes the hip, its antagonists are gluteus max and hamstrings, innervation is L1 - L3.
- Iliacus origin is upper 2/3rds of iliac fossa, insertion is lesser trochanter, it flexes the hip, its antagonists are gluteus max and hamstrings, innervation is L2 - L3.
Vascular Structures
- Arteries deliver blood from the heart to other structures
- Veins return blood from other locations back to the heart, assisted by the lymphatic system
- External iliac artery pierces the inguinal ligament, the femoral artery splits into profunda femoris and medial/lateral (internal/external) femoral circumflex branches.
- Femoral artery becomes popliteal artery as it passes behind the knee
Veins
- Femoral vein drains blood from the anterior thigh
- Popliteal vein, Great saphenous, and Profunda femoris veins supply the femoral vein.
Lymphatics
- Lymphatics generally follow the course of the veins
- They drain into lymph nodes, which act as filters
- Eventually, all drain back into the venous system
The Femoral Triangle
- The femoral triangle contains the femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral nerve.
- Inguinal lymph nodes are contained within the femoral sheath.
- The femoral sheath is a continuation of the deep fascia
- The femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve passes through the anterior wall of the sheath to reach the skin of the femoral triangle.
Nerves
- Anterior thigh nerves arise from the lumbar plexus
- Nerves are broadly described as motor (muscular), or sensory (cutaneous).
- Major motor nerves for hip flexors and knee extensors are femoral (L2, 3, 4).
- Exceptions for motor nerves are the TFL and PM
- Cutaneous nerves are branches of the femoral nerve: medial femoral cutaneous, intermediate cutaneous, and saphenous.
- Lateral femoral cutaneous arises directly from the lumbar plexus. It is also associated with obturator, ilioinguinal, and genitofemoral.
Practical Anatomy
- Students should be able to identify major landmarks of the femur, muscles (Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis, Rectus Femoris, Iliotibial band), and the ASIS, iliac crest, great trochanter, and patella on a volunteer.
Summary
- Students should be able to recognise and name major landmarks of the femur, muscles of the anterior thigh and their relationships, major neural and vascular structures of the anterior compartment (where they go and what they do), and contents of the femoral triangle and their significance.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the anterior thigh, including its compartments, major muscle groups, and the femur's structure and landmarks. It examines the relationships of bones, ligaments, and muscles specific to this region of the human body. Test your understanding of the essential anatomical features and functions of the anterior thigh.