Anatomy Chapter 19 and 20 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Identify the most muscular chamber.

Left ventricle

Name the inner lining of the heart.

Endocardium

Identify the valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

What heart chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Name the needle-like ridges of muscle lining the ventricles.

Trabeculae carneae Signup and view all the answers

What fibrous structure functions to anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position?

Chordae tendineae Signup and view all the answers

Blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed.

True Signup and view all the answers

The structure that prevents back flow of blood into the left atrium is the ______________.

mitral (bicuspid) valve Signup and view all the answers

The vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood to tissues is _________________

aorta Signup and view all the answers

The capillaries receiving blood flow from the left side of the heart are ___________.

systemic capillaries Signup and view all the answers

The structure that is located anatomically between the aorta and the left ventricle is ____.

aortic semilunar valve Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct partial path of the complete blood flow pathway.

Aorta to smaller systemic arteries to systemic capillaries to systemic veins to right atrium through the tricuspid valve Signup and view all the answers

What can the physician immediately determine about the patient's heart if the apex lies at the costal cartilage of the fourth rib, two fingers' breadth to the right of the sternum?

The heart is displaced superiorly and to the right. Signup and view all the answers

Which heart chamber has the thickest myocardium?

the left ventricle, because it pumps blood at a higher pressure Signup and view all the answers

The parietal layer of the serous pericardium __________.

adheres to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium Signup and view all the answers

Irregular ridges of muscle called trabeculae carneae are located within the walls of the__________.

ventricles Signup and view all the answers

The__________ is a sheet of endothelium resting on a thin layer of connective tissue, which lines the heart chambers and covers the heart valves.

endocardium Signup and view all the answers

The__________ layer of the serous pericardium is also known as the epicardium.

visceral Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels drain into the right atrium?

superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus Signup and view all the answers

The fibrous skeleton of the heart functions in all of these ways EXCEPT in __________.

causing direct spread of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves?

preventing eversion of the valves into the atria Signup and view all the answers

The two semilunar valves close when the ventricles relax.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which statement concerning the pulmonary arteries is FALSE?

False Signup and view all the answers

Blood flows from the pulmonary arteries, directly to the__________.

lungs Signup and view all the answers

Blood moves from the left ventricle into what vessel?

ascending aorta Signup and view all the answers

The term that describes the relaxation of a heart chamber wall as it fills with blood is__________.

diastole Signup and view all the answers

In common usage, the terms 'systole' and 'diastole' refer to __________, respectively.

ventricular contraction and ventricular filling Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conduction sequences through the heart is correct?

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers Signup and view all the answers

An atherosclerotic blockage in the circumflex artery would result in decreased (or lack of) blood flow to the __________.

left atrium and posterior part of the left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

__________ is the condition in which the heart enlarges and pumping efficiency declines; increased demand further weakens the heart.

congestive heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Structure and Function

Left ventricle is the most muscular chamber, essential for pumping blood at high pressure.
Endocardium is the inner lining of the heart, composed of endothelium and connective tissue.
The bicuspid (mitral) valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle, preventing backflow into the atrium.
Trabeculae carneae are the needle-like ridges of muscle that line the ventricles, aiding in contraction.
Chordae tendineae anchor the atrioventricular valves, ensuring they close securely during ventricular contraction.

Blood Flow and Valves

Blood does not mix between the right and left sides of the heart when fully developed.
The aorta carries oxygen-rich blood to bodily tissues, branching into systemic arteries.
Systemic capillaries receive blood flow from the left side of the heart, facilitating oxygen and nutrient exchange.
The aortic semilunar valve is located between the aorta and the left ventricle, regulating outflow.
Blood circulates through the pathway: aorta to systemic arteries to systemic capillaries to systemic veins to right atrium.

Clinical Observations

A physician can deduce a heart displacement if the apex is located at the fourth rib's costal cartilage, indicating it is superiorly and rightward displaced.

Heart Anatomy and Layers

The left ventricle contains the thickest myocardium due to its role in systemic circulation.
The parietal layer of the serous pericardium adheres to the fibrous pericardium, while the visceral layer (epicardium) covers the heart.
Endocardium also covers the heart valves, offering a smooth surface for blood flow.

Cardiac Physiology

Blood drains into the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus.
The fibrous skeleton of the heart prevents direct electrical impulse transmission between atria and ventricles.
Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles prevent valves from inverting into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Semilunar Valves

The two semilunar valves close when ventricles relax, ensuring unidirectional blood flow.
Pulmonary arteries do not carry oxygenated blood; instead, they transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Heart Cycles

Blood moves from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta to enter systemic circulation.
Diastole is the phase when heart chambers relax and fill with blood, while systole refers to ventricular contraction.
The conduction pathway in the heart follows the sequence: SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers.

Pathology

An atherosclerotic blockage in the circumflex artery can diminish blood flow to the left atrium and posterior left ventricle.
Congestive heart failure describes the heart's enlargement and declining pumping efficiency under increased demand.

Comparison of Blood Vessels

The tunica media of arteries is thicker than in veins, providing structural support and elasticity necessary for high-pressure blood flow.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the heart with these flashcards covering important concepts from chapters 19 and 20. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of heart chambers, valves, and other key terms related to cardiac anatomy.