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Questions and Answers
What is a common early sign of oral cancer?
Which equipment is not needed for a physical examination of the mouth?
What should be inspected during a physical exam of the throat?
Which of the following is a recommended self-care behavior for oral health in older adults?
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What technique is used to palpate the frontal and maxillary sinuses?
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What symptom may suggest an issue with the throat beyond a simple sore throat?
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Which of the following does NOT pertain specifically to infants and children's oral health?
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What is a potential risk associated with the use of smokeless tobacco?
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What aspect of the nose should be inspected and palpated during a physical exam?
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Which condition is related to mouth dryness in older adults?
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What are the primary components of the external nose?
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Which paranasal sinus is located above the eyebrows?
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What developmental consideration is associated with older adults in relation to oral health?
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What is a common subjective symptom related to the health of the nose?
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Which salivary gland is located beneath the jawline?
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Which condition is most likely to be associated with pregnant women regarding oral health?
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What does altered sense of smell primarily refer to?
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Which of the following findings is NOT common in older adults?
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What is Leukoedema primarily associated with?
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Which subjective health history finding relates to the throat?
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Which condition is characterized by the incomplete formation of the choanae?
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What is a common finding that might indicate a dental problem in infants due to bottle feeding?
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Which of the following conditions affects the lips and is known to be caused by a viral infection?
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Which term refers to the presence of lesions on the gums that can be typically caused by long-term irritation?
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Which of the following abnormal findings could indicate a congenital condition relating to the tongue?
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What condition is characterized by a smooth, glossy appearance of the tongue?
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Which abnormal oral finding is commonly associated with the presence of a viral illness such as measles?
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What term describes the condition of having a bifid uvula?
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Which of the following is a common condition that can lead to nasal obstruction and is characterized by the swelling of the nasal lining?
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What condition might indicate a serious oral health issue and is characterized by white patches on the tongue?
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Study Notes
Nose
- External nose comprises cartilaginous and bone structure.
- Nasal cavity divided by septum; features turbinates for airflow regulation and meatus for drainage.
Paranasal Sinuses
- Frontal sinuses located in the forehead region.
- Maxillary sinuses situated in the cheek area.
- Ethmoid sinuses found between the eyes.
- Sphenoid sinuses located deeper within the skull.
Mouth
- Oral cavity contains hard (anterior) and soft (posterior) palates, as well as the uvula.
- The tongue plays a critical role in taste and manipulation of food.
Salivary Glands
- Parotid glands are the largest, located near the jaw.
- Submandibular glands situated beneath the jawline.
- Sublingual glands located under the tongue.
Developmental Considerations
- Pregnant women may experience nasal stuffiness, epistaxis, and hyperemic gums.
- Older adults face diminished sense of smell/taste, dental changes, and a risk of malnutrition due to oral health issues.
Cultural and Social Considerations
- Leukoedema and oral hyperpigmentation are relevant in certain populations.
- Economic factors correlate with dental disease occurrence; 32% of Canadians lack adequate dental coverage.
Subjective Data: Health History (Nose)
- Important symptoms include nasal discharge, sinus pain, epistaxis, and altered smell.
Subjective Data: Health History (Mouth and Throat)
- Key complaints include sores, sore throat, bleeding gums, dysphagia, and altered taste.
Additional Health History Questions
- Infants and children focus on mouth/throat infections and tooth development.
- Older adults experience mouth dryness, dental care practices, and taste/smell alterations.
Promoting Health: Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) and Cancer Risk
- SLT use linked to various cancers, including oral and esophageal.
- Early signs of oral cancer: non-healing sores, red/white patches, prolonged sore throat, unexplained bleeding, and localized lumps.
Objective Data: Physical Exam Preparation
- Positioning and equipment includes otoscope, penlight, tongue blades, and gloves necessary for thorough examination.
Physical Exam Findings
- Inspection and palpation of the external nose, internal nasal structures, and sinus areas are crucial.
- Thorough mouth exam includes checking lips, teeth, tongue, and buccal mucosa.
Abnormal Findings (Nose)
- Conditions such as choanal atresia, foreign bodies, epistaxis, and nasal polyps warrant attention.
Abnormal Findings (Lips and Teeth)
- Cleft lip, dental caries, and gingival hyperplasia are significant oral health issues.
Abnormal Findings (Tongue and Oropharynx)
- Conditions like ankyloglossia, fissured tongue, and oral Kaposi’s sarcoma indicate serious health concerns.
Important Questions for Clinical Evaluation
- Inquiries related to dental care routines can yield comprehensive insights into a patient’s oral hygiene practices.
- Awareness of expected findings in diverse populations can enhance diagnostic capabilities, particularly concerning oral pigmentation variations.
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Description
Explore the key structures and functions of the nose, mouth, and throat in Chapter 17. This quiz covers the anatomy of the external nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, and salivary glands. Test your understanding of these essential components of the human respiratory and digestive systems.
