Podcast
Questions and Answers
A muscle that crosses the posterior side of a joint will always cause extension.
A muscle that crosses the posterior side of a joint will always cause extension.
False (B)
Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles?
Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles?
- The number of origins for the muscle
- The nervous system's control of the muscle (correct)
- The location of the muscle
- The locations of the muscle attachments
- The shape of the muscle
Which of the following are correctly matched?
Which of the following are correctly matched?
- Transverse; parallel to the long axis
- Deltoid; at a right angle to the long axis
- Rectus; straight (correct)
- Brevis; long
Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct?
Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct?
Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type?
Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type?
The major head flexor muscles are the __________.
The major head flexor muscles are the __________.
The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax, such as the intercostals, is to promote __________.
The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax, such as the intercostals, is to promote __________.
Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action?
Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action?
Which of the following is a hamstring muscle?
Which of the following is a hamstring muscle?
Where are the origins of most of the muscles that move the fingers?
Where are the origins of most of the muscles that move the fingers?
Which of the following muscles does the phrenic nerve innervate?
Which of the following muscles does the phrenic nerve innervate?
What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?
What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?
Which muscle is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position?
Which muscle is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position?
In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.
In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.
Muscles that help to maintain posture are best described as synergists.
Muscles that help to maintain posture are best described as synergists.
Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators.
Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________.
Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever?
Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever?
If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.
If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.
A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever.
A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever.
Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage.
Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage.
Which muscle inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?
Which muscle inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?
Which of the following muscles is NOT a member of the hamstrings group?
Which of the following muscles is NOT a member of the hamstrings group?
Which muscle group is involved when a 'pulled groin' occurs?
Which muscle group is involved when a 'pulled groin' occurs?
Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?
Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?
The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.
The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.
________ is a powerful forearm extensor.
________ is a powerful forearm extensor.
The ________ is the main chewing muscle.
The ________ is the main chewing muscle.
The quadriceps femoris is composed of three 'vastus' muscles and the ________.
The quadriceps femoris is composed of three 'vastus' muscles and the ________.
The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus.
The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus.
Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle?
Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle?
What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?
What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?
Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?
Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?
Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?
Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?
Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?
Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?
Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?
Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?
The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.
The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.
Study Notes
Muscle Actions and Characteristics
- A muscle crossing the posterior side of a joint typically causes extension, but exceptions exist for the knee and ankle due to developmental rotation.
- Muscle naming does not include nervous system control as a criterion; it is based on location, origins, shape, and attachment points.
Joint Mechanics and Muscle Groups
- Correct match: Rectus means straight.
- Muscles that maintain posture are fixators, while synergists assist in movement.
Specific Muscle Functions
- The primary head flexor is the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
- Deep thoracic muscles, like intercostals, are crucial for breathing.
- The biceps brachii acts as a third-class lever at the elbow joint.
- The subscapularis muscle stabilizes the shoulder and initiates arm abduction.
Muscle Groups and Movements
- The hamstrings group consists of three main muscles: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
- The forearm is the origin for most muscles moving the fingers.
- The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm, essential for respiration.
Leverage in Muscular Movement
- In lever mechanics, the effort farther from the fulcrum than the load equals a mechanical advantage; the reverse leads to a disadvantage.
- A first-class lever example: Raising the head off the chest, utilizing neck muscles for effort.
Common Muscle Misconceptions
- The vastus intermedius is not part of the hamstrings; instead, it belongs to the quadriceps group.
- The levator scapulae is not classified as a rotator cuff muscle.
Additional Muscle Facts
- The gastrocnemius inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon.
- The buccinator aids in chewing by keeping food between teeth surfaces.
- Powerful forearm flexor: Triceps brachii.
- Main chewing muscle identified as the masseter.
Surface and Functional Anatomy
- The quadriceps comprises the rectus femoris and three vastus muscles.
- Teres major acts synergistically with latissimus dorsi for arm movements.
- Orbicularis oris is responsible for lip movement, including closing and protruding.
- Common strain in tennis players: Brachioradialis.
Paralysis and Its Effects
- Paralysis of iliopsoas and rectus femoris results in an inability to flex the thigh.
- Paralysis of the hamstrings limits knee flexion.
Strength and Functionality
- The quadriceps femoris ranks as the most powerful muscle in the body.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Prepare for your anatomy test with these flashcards focusing on Chapter 10. Each card includes important concepts about muscle function and naming criteria, alongside true/false questions to test your understanding. Perfect for revising key points before your exam!
