Anatomy Chapter 10 Test Study Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

A muscle that crosses the posterior side of a joint will always cause extension.

False

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles?

The number of origins for the muscle

The nervous system's control of the muscle (correct)

The location of the muscle

The locations of the muscle attachments

The shape of the muscle

Which of the following are correctly matched?

Transverse; parallel to the long axis

Deltoid; at a right angle to the long axis

Rectus; straight (correct)

Brevis; long

Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct?

Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type?

Biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever Signup and view all the answers

The major head flexor muscles are the __________.

sternocleidomastoid muscles Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax, such as the intercostals, is to promote __________.

breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action?

subscapularis; medial rotation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a hamstring muscle?

Biceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

Where are the origins of most of the muscles that move the fingers?

the forearm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles does the phrenic nerve innervate?

the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?

to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position?

the sartorius Signup and view all the answers

In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.

flexion Signup and view all the answers

Muscles that help to maintain posture are best described as synergists.

False Signup and view all the answers

Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators.

True Signup and view all the answers

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________.

mastoid process of the temporal bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever?

Raising your head up off your chest Signup and view all the answers

If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.

load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum Signup and view all the answers

A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever.

False Signup and view all the answers

Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?

the gastrocnemius Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT a member of the hamstrings group?

Vastus intermedius Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is involved when a 'pulled groin' occurs?

thigh adductors Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?

internal intercostals and rectus abdominus Signup and view all the answers

The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

buccinator Signup and view all the answers

________ is a powerful forearm extensor.

Triceps brachii Signup and view all the answers

The ________ is the main chewing muscle.

Masseter Signup and view all the answers

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three 'vastus' muscles and the ________.

rectus femoris Signup and view all the answers

The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus.

teres major Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle?

Levator scapulae Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?

Extensor digitorum longus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?

Gracilis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?

It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips. Signup and view all the answers

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

brachioradialis Signup and view all the answers

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

iliopsoas and rectus femoris Signup and view all the answers

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

hamstrings Signup and view all the answers

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.

quadriceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscle Actions and Characteristics

A muscle crossing the posterior side of a joint typically causes extension, but exceptions exist for the knee and ankle due to developmental rotation.
Muscle naming does not include nervous system control as a criterion; it is based on location, origins, shape, and attachment points.

Joint Mechanics and Muscle Groups

Correct match: Rectus means straight.
Muscles that maintain posture are fixators, while synergists assist in movement.

Specific Muscle Functions

The primary head flexor is the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Deep thoracic muscles, like intercostals, are crucial for breathing.
The biceps brachii acts as a third-class lever at the elbow joint.
The subscapularis muscle stabilizes the shoulder and initiates arm abduction.

Muscle Groups and Movements

The hamstrings group consists of three main muscles: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
The forearm is the origin for most muscles moving the fingers.
The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm, essential for respiration.

Leverage in Muscular Movement

In lever mechanics, the effort farther from the fulcrum than the load equals a mechanical advantage; the reverse leads to a disadvantage.
A first-class lever example: Raising the head off the chest, utilizing neck muscles for effort.

Common Muscle Misconceptions

The vastus intermedius is not part of the hamstrings; instead, it belongs to the quadriceps group.
The levator scapulae is not classified as a rotator cuff muscle.

Additional Muscle Facts

The gastrocnemius inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon.
The buccinator aids in chewing by keeping food between teeth surfaces.
Powerful forearm flexor: Triceps brachii.
Main chewing muscle identified as the masseter.

Surface and Functional Anatomy

The quadriceps comprises the rectus femoris and three vastus muscles.
Teres major acts synergistically with latissimus dorsi for arm movements.
Orbicularis oris is responsible for lip movement, including closing and protruding.
Common strain in tennis players: Brachioradialis.

Paralysis and Its Effects

Paralysis of iliopsoas and rectus femoris results in an inability to flex the thigh.
Paralysis of the hamstrings limits knee flexion.

Strength and Functionality

The quadriceps femoris ranks as the most powerful muscle in the body.

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Description

Prepare for your anatomy test with these flashcards focusing on Chapter 10. Each card includes important concepts about muscle function and naming criteria, alongside true/false questions to test your understanding. Perfect for revising key points before your exam!