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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of the axial skeleton?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the axial skeleton?
- Vertebral column
- Skull
- Pelvic girdle (correct)
- Rib cage
Adduction is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
Adduction is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
False (B)
What is the process of blood cell formation called?
What is the process of blood cell formation called?
Hematopoiesis
A fracture where the bone breaks into multiple fragments is classified as a ______ fracture.
A fracture where the bone breaks into multiple fragments is classified as a ______ fracture.
Match the terms with their definitions:
Match the terms with their definitions:
Which type of muscle tissue is both involuntary and striated?
Which type of muscle tissue is both involuntary and striated?
Tonicity refers to the ability of a muscle to drastically change its physical characteristics.
Tonicity refers to the ability of a muscle to drastically change its physical characteristics.
What are the three bones that comprise the hip?
What are the three bones that comprise the hip?
The term for the surgical examination of a joint is called ______.
The term for the surgical examination of a joint is called ______.
Which of the following is the correct definition of a tendon?
Which of the following is the correct definition of a tendon?
Flashcards
What is a tendon?
What is a tendon?
A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone, capable of withstanding tension.
What is hematopoiesis?
What is hematopoiesis?
The process of blood cell formation, including the production, development, and differentiation of blood cells.
Define: Sulcus, Tubercle, Foramen, and Condyle
Define: Sulcus, Tubercle, Foramen, and Condyle
Bony landmarks which include:
- Sulcus: A groove or furrow.
- Tubercle: A small, rounded projection.
- Foramen: An opening or hole.
- Condyle: A rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone.
What is the Periosteum?
What is the Periosteum?
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What makes up the axial skeleton?
What makes up the axial skeleton?
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What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
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Define: Joint
Define: Joint
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Define: Adduction and Abduction
Define: Adduction and Abduction
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Define: Supination and Pronation of the hand
Define: Supination and Pronation of the hand
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Define: Protraction and Retraction
Define: Protraction and Retraction
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Study Notes
- A tendon is a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
- Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells and platelets, which occurs in the bone marrow.
- Sulcus is a groove or furrow on an organ or tissue, especially in the brain.
- Tubercle is a small, rounded projection or protuberance, typically on a bone.
- Foramen is an opening, hole, or passage, especially in a bone.
- Condyle is a rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone.
- The periosteum is a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
- The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate.
- The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones that support the appendages.
- A joint is a point at which parts of the skeleton are fitted together.
- Adduction is the movement of a body part toward the midline.
- Abduction is the movement of a body part away from the midline.
- Supination of the hand is rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward.
- Pronation of the hand is rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces backward or downward.
- Protraction is the movement of a body part forward or anteriorly.
- Retraction is the movement of a body part backward or posteriorly.
- Rotation is the movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis.
- Dorsiflexion is backward flexion, as in bending the foot or hand backward.
- Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.
- Inversion is the movement of the sole of the foot toward the median plane.
- Flexion is the action of bending a joint or limb.
- Extension is an unbending movement around a joint in a limb.
- The male pelvis is generally thicker, heavier, and has more prominent bone markings than the female pelvis.
- The female pelvis is wider, shallower, and has a larger pelvic inlet and outlet than the male pelvis to accommodate childbirth.
- Differences between the male and female pelvis include the shape of the pelvic inlet, the depth of the false pelvis, the angle of the pubic arch, and the size of the pelvic outlet.
- The three bones that form the hip and pubic arch are the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
- A Greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent but only partially broken.
- A Comminuted fracture is a fracture in which the bone is broken into multiple fragments.
- An Impacted fracture is a fracture in which one fragment of bone is driven into another.
- An Oblique fracture is a fracture that runs diagonally across the bone.
- A Transverse fracture is a fracture that runs straight across the bone.
- A Linear fracture is a fracture that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone.
- A Displaced fracture is a fracture in which the bone fragments are not in their normal alignment.
- A Nondisplaced fracture is a fracture in which the bone fragments are still in their normal alignment.
- An Avulsion fracture is a fracture in which a fragment of bone is pulled away by a tendon or ligament.
- A Stress fracture is a small crack in the bone that develops from chronic, excessive impact.
- A Spiral fracture is a fracture that spirals around the bone.
- A Depression fracture is a fracture in which the bone is pressed inward.
- A closed fracture is a fracture that does not break the skin.
- An open fracture is a fracture in which the bone breaks the skin.
- A closed fracture is also known as a simple fracture.
- An open fracture is also known as a compound fracture.
- Osteochondritis is inflammation of bone and cartilage.
- Osteomyelitis is inflammation of bone or bone marrow, usually due to infection.
- Kyphosis is excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.
- Lordosis is excessive inward curvature of the spine.
- Examples of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, celecoxib, and diclofenac.
- Examples of narcotics include morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and fentanyl.
- Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an examination of the interior of a joint is performed using an arthroscope, a type of endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision.
- The three basic types of muscles are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
- Muscles make up approximately 40-50% of a person's body weight.
- Fascia is a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal organs.
- Fibers are thread-like structures that form tissues, such as muscle fibers that contract to produce movement.
- Smooth muscles facilitate involuntary movements, such as digestion, blood vessel constriction, and bladder emptying.
- Cardiac muscle tissue is both involuntary and striated.
- The human body has over 600 skeletal muscles.
- Contractility is the ability of a muscle to shorten and produce tension.
- Extensibility is the ability of a muscle to be stretched or extended.
- Excitability is the ability of a muscle to receive and respond to stimuli.
- Elasticity is the ability of a muscle to return to its original length after being stretched.
- An agonist is a muscle that causes a specific movement.
- An antagonist is a muscle that opposes the action of an agonist.
- Prime movers are muscles that play the major role in performing a specific movement.
- Synergists are muscles that assist the prime mover in performing a movement.
- Tonicity is the state of continuous contraction of a muscle.
- Pacemaker cells are specialized cells in the heart that control the heart rate by generating electrical impulses.
- Myosarcoma is a malignant tumor of muscle tissue.
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