Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Anthropometry

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of biophysics?

  • The study of animal behavior in natural habitats
  • The application of physics to biological structures and processes (correct)
  • The classification and naming of organisms
  • The chemical reactions occurring within cells

Anthropometry focuses primarily on the study of forces acting on the human body.

False (B)

What are the two sub-branches of biomechanics related to the study of motion?

kinematics and kinetics

________ describes the nature of motion, while _________ attempts to explain the causes of motion.

<p>kinematics, kinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the tissue types with their primary function related to the musculoskeletal system:

<p>Skeletal system = Provides support and structure. Muscular system = Enables movement through contraction. Nervous system = Controls and coordinates movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic concept in the study of the biophysical domain?

<p>Organic chemistry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative data in biomechanics involves numerical measurements.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two types of forces that act on the musculoskeletal system.

<p>tension and compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle action can be classified into three main types: concentric, __________, and isometric.

<p>eccentric</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the biomechanical term with its description:

<p>Statics = Study of systems in constant motion, including at rest. Dynamics = Study of systems subject to acceleration. Kinematics = Description of motion without regard to forces. Kinetics = Study of forces associated with motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples is most applicable to biomechanics?

<p>The design of running shoes to improve performance and reduce injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Open kinetic chain movements involve the distal segment being fixed.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus in biomechanics concerning internal and external forces?

<p>understanding how forces affect the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

The measurement in HKE focuses on anthropometric __________ through stature.

<p>variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its appropriate unit of measure:

<p>Distance = Meter (m) Mass = Kilogram (kg) Time = Second (s) Velocity = Meters per second (m/s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In biomechanics, what does 'kinematics' primarily describe?

<p>The motion of bodies without considering the forces that cause it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kinetics involves the analysis of movement patterns without considering the forces that cause them.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two examples of derived units from fundamental units?

<p>Velocity and Acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an open kinetic chain movement, the _______ segment is free to move.

<p>distal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to muscle action with their definitions:

<p>Concentric = Muscle shortens during contraction. Eccentric = Muscle lengthens during contraction. Isometric = Muscle length remains constant during contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes kinetics from kinematics in biomechanics?

<p>Kinetics studies forces causing motion, while kinematics describes motion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Measurement in statics involves systems subject to acceleration

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides the skeletal and muscular systems, which other system is critical for musculoskeletal system function?

<p>nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

The branch of mechanics that describes the motion of a body, without regard to the forces that cause it, is called __________.

<p>kinematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following fundamental units with their corresponding symbols:

<p>Length = m Mass = kg Time = s</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use standard units of measurement in biomechanics?

<p>To ensure consistency and comparability of data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative analysis in biomechanics always involves numerical data.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of kinetics in biomechanics?

<p>forces causing motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ___________ muscle contraction, the muscle lengthens as it generates force.

<p>eccentric</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following system with it's primary task :

<p>Skeletal system = Support and structure Muscular system = Enables movement Nervous system = Controls movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of human movement would anthropometry be most useful in assessing?

<p>The body's proportions and composition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kinetics is exclusively used to analyze linear motion, not angular motion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bursa within the musculoskeletal system?

<p>reduce friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

___________ chain movements are characterized by the distal segment being fixed or stabilized.

<p>closed kinetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of muscle action with its descriptive term:

<p>Concentric = Shortening Eccentric = Lengthening Isometric = Static</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the study of load-tolerance important in the context of the musculoskeletal system?

<p>To understand the limits of the body's ability to withstand forces and prevent injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Biomechanics, the introduction to load tolerance is the same as resistance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define kinematics in biomechanics, focusing on what it describes about motion.

<p>describes motion without consideration of forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of forces acting on the musculoskeletal system is known as _________

<p>kinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the description with the concept:

<p>Anatomy = Branch of biology that is Structure related. Biomechanics = Mechanics of the body Anthropometry = Measuring physical dimensions and proportions of the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is biophysics?

A branch of biology using physics to study biological structures and processes.

What is the primary focus of the biophysical domain?

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

What is kinetics?

The study of forces that cause motion

What is kinematics?

The study of motion without considering the forces that cause it.

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What is a measurement unit?

A standard amount by which we measure a quantity. It must also be clarified.

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What is Qualitiative analysis?

Naming and evaluating movement components.

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What is Quanitative analysis?

Counting and measuring movement components.

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What is statics?

Study of bodies at rest.

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What is dynamics?

Study of body in state of motion.

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What does Biomechanics combines?

A combination of mechanics, structure, and function.

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What does the Biophysical domain include?

Biomechanics, Anatomy, and Anthropometry.

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Study Notes

  • The lecture covers the basics of anatomy, biomechanics, and anthropometry as part of Biophysical Domain 101.
  • Andrew Todd is the instructor and Abigail Du Plessis is the teaching assistant.

Course Details

  • There are 19 lectures, 3 laboratory sessions, and 4 tutorials.
  • Assessment includes a test on March 24th (combined with MM Intro course).
  • There is 1 practical hand-in (March 12th/13th or 14th).
  • There are 2 RUconnected quizzes (March 10th & 17th).
  • for contact, Abigail Du Plessis can be reached at [email protected] or at Office No. 13

Part 1: Getting to Grips

  • Basic topics include an introduction to Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Anthropometry, relevance to understanding human movement, development of measurement units, measurement in HKE, qualitative/quantitative data, kinematics/kinetics.
  • Kinematic concepts and terminology include forms of motion, open vs. closed kinetic chain movements, standard reference terminology.
  • Tissues of the musculoskeletal system include the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems.
  • Study the the types of forces, an introduction to load-tolerance, and types of muscle action like concentric, eccentric, and isometric relating to forces acting on the musculoskeletal system.

Readings and Resources

  • Readings include "Hall - Basic biomechanics" covering chapters 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6.
  • Use the Anatomy.TV resource for anatomy study.

Biophysical Domain

  • Biophysics is the branch of biology applying methods of physics to study biological structures and processes.
  • Primary focus is understanding internal and external forces acting on the human body.

Understanding the Biophysical Domain

  • Sub-branches of study include Statics, Dynamics, Kinematics, and Kinetics.
  • The subdivisions for Bio include Fluid Mechanics, Rigid Body Mechanics, Deformable Body Mechanics
  • The subdivisions for Physical include Kinematics and Kinetics.
  • Kinematics references the way you describe the nature of motion (Descriptive Analysis).
  • Kinetics attempts to explain the causes of motion (Explanatory Analysis).

Problems Studied by Biomechanists

  • Problems include those related to sports, such as running, skating and tackling safety.
  • Also studied are shooting in netball, optimizing equipment and understanding biophysical differences between males and females.
  • Men typically outperform women in athletic events
  • Testosterone levels differ between males and females as they age.
  • Swimming performance is similar between boys and girls until around 10-11 years of age, after which boys begin to outperform girls.

Kinematics vs. Kinetics

  • There is quantitative and qualitative analysis.
  • Kinematics analyze body motion, and kinetics look at its causes.

Measurement

  • Measurements quantify kinematic effects or kinetic causes, clarify the units used.
  • A unit is a standard amount by which a quantity is measured can be inherently arbitrary.
  • Distance (m) and time (s) are fundamental units.
  • Velocity (m.s-1) and Acceleration (m.s-2) are derived units.

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