Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the iliocostalis muscles?
What is the primary function of the iliocostalis muscles?
- Rotating the vertebral column and head
- Laterally bending the vertebral column
- Extending the vertebral column and head (correct)
- Flexing the vertebral column and head
How do the iliocostalis muscles participate in controlling vertebral column flexion?
How do the iliocostalis muscles participate in controlling vertebral column flexion?
- By pulling the head anteriorly
- By acting unilaterally
- By contracting and relaxing in a coordinated fashion (correct)
- By exerting constant tension
What is the effect of unilateral contraction of iliocostalis muscles attached to the head?
What is the effect of unilateral contraction of iliocostalis muscles attached to the head?
- Lowering the head downwards
- Turning the head to the opposite side
- Lifting the head upwards
- Turning the head to the actively contracting side (correct)
In addition to extending the vertebral column, what other action do the iliocostalis muscles perform when acting bilaterally?
In addition to extending the vertebral column, what other action do the iliocostalis muscles perform when acting bilaterally?
What is the primary role of the iliocostalis muscles when acting unilaterally?
What is the primary role of the iliocostalis muscles when acting unilaterally?
How do the iliocostalis muscles contribute to returning the back to an upright position from a fixed position?
How do the iliocostalis muscles contribute to returning the back to an upright position from a fixed position?
What is the effect of bilateral contraction of iliocostalis muscles on the vertebral column?
What is the effect of bilateral contraction of iliocostalis muscles on the vertebral column?
What is the consequence of unilateral contractions of muscles attached to the head?
What is the consequence of unilateral contractions of muscles attached to the head?
In what way do the iliocostalis muscles contribute to the movement of the head?
In what way do the iliocostalis muscles contribute to the movement of the head?
What is the primary action of the iliocostalis muscles when acting bilaterally?
What is the primary action of the iliocostalis muscles when acting bilaterally?
Which vertebral group has a heart-shaped vertebral body?
Which vertebral group has a heart-shaped vertebral body?
Which vertebral group lacks costal facets?
Which vertebral group lacks costal facets?
Which joints are involved in the vertebral column?
Which joints are involved in the vertebral column?
Which part of the intervertebral discs absorbs compression forces and limits rotation between vertebrae?
Which part of the intervertebral discs absorbs compression forces and limits rotation between vertebrae?
Which muscle is considered an extrinsic muscle of the back?
Which muscle is considered an extrinsic muscle of the back?
Which muscle group consists of spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis?
Which muscle group consists of spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis?
Which vertebral group has a triangular shape and a curved sacrum?
Which vertebral group has a triangular shape and a curved sacrum?
Which ligament of the vertebral column is located anteriorly within the vertebral canal?
Which ligament of the vertebral column is located anteriorly within the vertebral canal?
Which muscle is part of the intermediate group muscles of the back?
Which muscle is part of the intermediate group muscles of the back?
Which part of the vertebral column has a small size and absence of vertebral arches and vertebral canal?
Which part of the vertebral column has a small size and absence of vertebral arches and vertebral canal?
How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?
How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?
What is the function of the first two cervical vertebrae and associated muscles?
What is the function of the first two cervical vertebrae and associated muscles?
How many sacral vertebrae are fused into the sacrum?
How many sacral vertebrae are fused into the sacrum?
What is the general shape of the primary curvature of the vertebral column?
What is the general shape of the primary curvature of the vertebral column?
What do the pedicles of a vertebra attach?
What do the pedicles of a vertebra attach?
Which part of the vertebra projects dorsally and inferiorly from the laminae for muscle and ligament attachment?
Which part of the vertebra projects dorsally and inferiorly from the laminae for muscle and ligament attachment?
Where are the superior and inferior articular processes located in a vertebra?
Where are the superior and inferior articular processes located in a vertebra?
What is the function of the intervertebral discs and ligaments in the vertebral column?
What is the function of the intervertebral discs and ligaments in the vertebral column?
What is the total number of coccygeal vertebrae fused into the coccyx?
What is the total number of coccygeal vertebrae fused into the coccyx?
What happens to the size of the vertebral column as the amount of weight supported increases?
What happens to the size of the vertebral column as the amount of weight supported increases?
Study Notes
Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Vertebral Column and Muscles of the Back
- The cervical vertebrae have a small size, triangular vertebral canal and a squared shape body when seen from above.
- Thoracic vertebrae have 12 vertebrae (T1-T12), characterized by their articulation with ribs and a heart-shaped vertebral body.
- Lumbar vertebrae have 5 vertebrae (L1-L5), with a large size, cylindrical shaped body, and lack of costal facets.
- The sacral vertebrae are 5 fused vertebrae (S1-S5) with a triangular shape and curved sacrum.
- The coccygeal vertebrae are 3-4 fused vertebrae (Co1-Co3-4) with a small size and absence of vertebral arches and vertebral canal.
- Joints of the vertebral column include intervertebral foramen, zygapophysial joints, symphysis, and uncovertebral joints.
- Intervertebral discs consist of nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus, which absorb compression forces and limit rotation between vertebrae.
- Ligaments of the vertebral column include ligamentum flavum, posterior longitudinal ligament, interspinous ligament, and supraspinous ligament.
- The biomechanics of the trunk involve muscles of the back, including the superficial and intermediate groups, and their general functions.
- Extrinsic muscles of the back include the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, and levator scapulae.
- Intermediate group muscles of the back include serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior.
- Deep group intrinsic muscles of the back include the erector spinae muscle group, consisting of spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of the vertebral column and muscles of the back with this comprehensive quiz. Explore the characteristics of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae, as well as the joints, intervertebral discs, and ligaments of the vertebral column. Delve into the biomechanics of the trunk and learn about the various muscles, including the superficial, intermediate, and deep groups, and their specific functions
