Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Vertebral Column and Back Muscles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the iliocostalis muscles?

Rotating the vertebral column and head

Laterally bending the vertebral column

Extending the vertebral column and head (correct)

Flexing the vertebral column and head

How do the iliocostalis muscles participate in controlling vertebral column flexion?

By pulling the head anteriorly

By acting unilaterally

By contracting and relaxing in a coordinated fashion (correct)

By exerting constant tension

What is the effect of unilateral contraction of iliocostalis muscles attached to the head?

Lowering the head downwards

Turning the head to the opposite side

Lifting the head upwards

Turning the head to the actively contracting side (correct)

In addition to extending the vertebral column, what other action do the iliocostalis muscles perform when acting bilaterally?

Pulling the head posteriorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the iliocostalis muscles when acting unilaterally?

Bending the vertebral column laterally Signup and view all the answers

How do the iliocostalis muscles contribute to returning the back to an upright position from a fixed position?

By straightening the back Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of bilateral contraction of iliocostalis muscles on the vertebral column?

Straightening the vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of unilateral contractions of muscles attached to the head?

Turning the head to the actively contracting side Signup and view all the answers

In what way do the iliocostalis muscles contribute to the movement of the head?

By pulling the head posteriorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the iliocostalis muscles when acting bilaterally?

Straightening the back and returning it to the upright position Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebral group has a heart-shaped vertebral body?

Thoracic vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebral group lacks costal facets?

Lumbar vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

Which joints are involved in the vertebral column?

Zygapophysial joints Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the intervertebral discs absorbs compression forces and limits rotation between vertebrae?

Nucleus pulposus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is considered an extrinsic muscle of the back?

Rhomboid major Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group consists of spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis?

Erector spinae muscle group Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebral group has a triangular shape and a curved sacrum?

Sacral vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament of the vertebral column is located anteriorly within the vertebral canal?

Posterior longitudinal ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is part of the intermediate group muscles of the back?

Serratus posterior superior Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the vertebral column has a small size and absence of vertebral arches and vertebral canal?

Coccygeal vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?

12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the first two cervical vertebrae and associated muscles?

Support, move, and position the head Signup and view all the answers

How many sacral vertebrae are fused into the sacrum?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the general shape of the primary curvature of the vertebral column?

Concave ventrally Signup and view all the answers

What do the pedicles of a vertebra attach?

Arch to body Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the vertebra projects dorsally and inferiorly from the laminae for muscle and ligament attachment?

Spinous process Signup and view all the answers

Where are the superior and inferior articular processes located in a vertebra?

Cranially and caudally Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intervertebral discs and ligaments in the vertebral column?

Link adjacent vertebral bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of coccygeal vertebrae fused into the coccyx?

3-4 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the size of the vertebral column as the amount of weight supported increases?

Size increases caudally Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Vertebral Column and Muscles of the Back

The cervical vertebrae have a small size, triangular vertebral canal and a squared shape body when seen from above.
Thoracic vertebrae have 12 vertebrae (T1-T12), characterized by their articulation with ribs and a heart-shaped vertebral body.
Lumbar vertebrae have 5 vertebrae (L1-L5), with a large size, cylindrical shaped body, and lack of costal facets.
The sacral vertebrae are 5 fused vertebrae (S1-S5) with a triangular shape and curved sacrum.
The coccygeal vertebrae are 3-4 fused vertebrae (Co1-Co3-4) with a small size and absence of vertebral arches and vertebral canal.
Joints of the vertebral column include intervertebral foramen, zygapophysial joints, symphysis, and uncovertebral joints.
Intervertebral discs consist of nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus, which absorb compression forces and limit rotation between vertebrae.
Ligaments of the vertebral column include ligamentum flavum, posterior longitudinal ligament, interspinous ligament, and supraspinous ligament.
The biomechanics of the trunk involve muscles of the back, including the superficial and intermediate groups, and their general functions.
Extrinsic muscles of the back include the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, and levator scapulae.
Intermediate group muscles of the back include serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior.
Deep group intrinsic muscles of the back include the erector spinae muscle group, consisting of spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of the vertebral column and muscles of the back with this comprehensive quiz. Explore the characteristics of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae, as well as the joints, intervertebral discs, and ligaments of the vertebral column. Delve into the biomechanics of the trunk and learn about the various muscles, including the superficial, intermediate, and deep groups, and their specific functions