Anatomy Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe any change in the internal or external environment?

Homeostasis

Stimulus (correct)

Equilibrium

Feedback

What is the best definition of homeostasis?

A group of interrelated organs functioning together to accomplish a specific set of functions

The most common physiologic feedback to maintain

The cell is considered the smallest unit capable of living on its own

A range of physiologic balance or dynamic state of equilibrium within the body (correct)

What type of feedback is most common to maintain homeostasis?

Negative (correct)

Positive

Neutral

Dynamic

What is the best definition of the system level of organization in the body?

A group of interrelated organs functioning together to accomplish a specific set of functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of water in the body?

Transportation of nutrients and wastes Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the cell and homeostasis?

The cell is the smallest unit capable of living on its own and maintaining homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanical properties of fascia is related to the ability of a material to generate an electric charge in response to mechanical stress?

Piezoelectricity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of articular cartilage?

To cushion bone ends and stabilize the joint Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is often referred to as a 'stress hormone'?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the natural cycle of self-destruction and reformation of bones?

Remodeling Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hormone thyroxine?

Increasing metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the region of the brain that contains the thalamus and hypothalamus?

Diencephalon Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that gives red blood cells their capacity to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lymphatic ducts?

To drain excess fluids from the tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of joint that the Pubic symphysis is classified as?

Amphiarthrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spleen?

To filter out foreign particles and pathogens from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the perimysium?

To surround a group of muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the balance of tension and compression forces in the musculoskeletal system?

Tensegrity Signup and view all the answers

What is the specialized mechanoreceptor found in skeletal muscles and joints?

Proprioceptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of energy production that generates the highest amount of ATP?

Aerobic cellular metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organization of the Body

The cell is the smallest unit capable of living on its own.
A group of interrelated organs functioning together to accomplish a specific set of functions is the system level of organization in the body.
Homeostasis is a range of physiologic balance or dynamic state of equilibrium within the body.

Anatomical Terminology

The Sagittal plane divides the body into right and left sides.
Ipsilateral describes the position of two structures on the same side of the Sagittal plane.
Adduction is movement along the coronal plane and toward the midline.
Flexion and extension are movements that only occur along the Sagittal plane.
Cranial and Spinal are the two dorsal cavities of the body.
The wrist is distal in relationship to the elbow.

Chemical Exchanges and Transportation

Water is an inorganic compound that serves as the medium for most chemical exchanges between cells and tissues.
Water is an essential component for transportation of nutrients and wastes.

Skeletal System

The skeletal system contributes to movement by providing the levers and fulcrums for movement.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells.
Remodeling is the natural cycle of self-destruction and reformation that bones go through on a regular basis.
Metatarsals and metacarpals are classified as long bones.
Articular cartilage cushions bone ends and stabilizes the joint.
The Pubic symphysis is an amphiarthrosis joint.

Muscle Structure and Function

Tendons connect tissue to bone.
The perimysium is a layer of fascia that surrounds a group of muscle fibers, dividing the muscle into several compartments called fascicles.
The sarcomere is the portion of the muscle that is the actual contractile unit.
During a concentric contraction, the muscle shortens.
Aerobic cellular metabolism is the method of energy production that generates the highest amount of ATP.
The sarcomere of a skeletal muscle is a small unit of bundled actin and myosin.

Nervous System

The two major divisions of the nervous system are Central and Peripheral.
The gluteal, sciatic, and posterior femoral nerves are all major branches of the Sacral plexus.
An action potential is another name for a nerve impulse.
The ascending tract of the spinal cord is also called the sensory tract.
The Diencephalon is the region of the brain that contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.
The Hypothalamus is the CNS structure that serves as the control center for the autonomic nervous system.
Proprioceptors are specialized mechanoreceptors found in skeletal muscles and joints.

Muscle Physiology

Reciprocal inhibition is a neurological reflex that inhibits the antagonist of a contracting muscle.
Tensegrity is the balance of tension and compression forces in the musculoskeletal system.
The epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium of skeletal muscle collectively form the axial layer of fascia in the body.
The three mechanical properties of fascia are Viscoelasticity, thixotropy, and piezoelectricity.

Endocrine System

The anatomical and functional links between the nervous and endocrine systems are between the Pituitary and hypothalamus.
Glucagon and insulin are hormones produced in and released from the pancreas.
Cortisol is referred to as a “stress hormone”.
The three types of stimuli that activate the endocrine glands include neurologic stimulus, hormonal stimulus, and changes in blood concentration.
The Anterior pituitary secretes tropic hormones.
Thyroxine is a metabolism-increasing hormone released by the thyroid.

Blood and Blood Vessels

Thrombocytes are the formed element in blood that plays a key role in blood clotting.
Leukocytes are responsible for immune response.
Hemoglobin is the protein that gives red blood cells their capacity to carry blood gases.
The Saphenous vein is most commonly affected by varicose veins.
The two divisions of cardiovascular circulation are Pulmonary and systemic.
Blood pressure is the amount of pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries.

Lymphatic System

Lipid molecules absorbed from the intestines give lymph its characteristic milky appearance.
The initial vessel picks up the interstitial fluid.
Lymphatic ducts are the largest type of lymphatic vessel.
The function of primary lymphoid tissue is the production of lymphocytes.
The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ that serves as a major storage site for lymphocytes and platelets, plus filters foreign particles and pathogens out of the blood.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the organization of the body, from cells to systems, and anatomical terminology. Learn about homeostasis, sagittal planes, and more!