Anatomy Basics

Study Notes

Directional Terms:
- Superior: towards the head
- Inferior: towards the feet
- Anterior: towards the front
- Posterior: towards the back
- Medial: towards the midline
- Lateral: away from the midline
- Proximal: towards the point of attachment
- Distal: away from the point of attachment
Body Regions:
- Cephalic: head
- Thoracic: chest
- Abdominal: abdomen
- Pelvic: pelvis
- Upper limb: arm
- Lower limb: leg

Female Reproductive System:
- External Genitals:
  - Mons pubis: fatty tissue covering the pubic bone
  - Labia: folds of skin and tissue surrounding the vulva
  - Clitoris: small, highly sensitive organ responsible for sexual pleasure
- Internal Genitals:
  - Vagina: muscular canal connecting the vulva to the cervix
  - Uterus: muscular organ where fetus develops during pregnancy
  - Ovaries: produce eggs released during ovulation
  - Fallopian tubes: tubes connecting the ovaries to the uterus
Male Reproductive System:
- External Genitals:
  - Scrotum: sac of skin and muscle containing the testes
  - Penis: male organ of urination and sexual intercourse
- Internal Genitals:
  - Testes: produce sperm released during ejaculation
  - Epididymis: tubes storing and transporting sperm
  - Vas deferens: muscular tube transporting sperm during ejaculation
  - Prostate gland: gland producing fluids that make up semen

Female Reproductive System:
- External female genitals include:
  - Mons pubis: a fatty tissue covering the pubic bone
  - Labia: folds of skin and tissue surrounding the vulva
  - Clitoris: a small, highly sensitive organ responsible for sexual pleasure
- Internal female genitals include:
  - Vagina: a muscular canal connecting the vulva to the cervix
  - Uterus: a muscular organ where the fetus develops during pregnancy
  - Ovaries: organs that produce eggs released during ovulation
  - Fallopian tubes: tubes connecting the ovaries to the uterus
Male Reproductive System:
- External male genitals include:
  - Scrotum: a sac of skin and muscle containing the testes
  - Penis: the male organ of urination and sexual intercourse
- Internal male genitals include:
  - Testes: organs that produce sperm released during ejaculation
  - Epididymis: tubes storing and transporting sperm
  - Vas deferens: a muscular tube transporting sperm during ejaculation
  - Prostate gland: a gland producing fluids that make up semen

Directional Terms:
- Superior is towards the head
- Inferior is away from the head
- Anterior is towards the front
- Posterior is towards the back
- Medial is towards the midline
- Lateral is away from the midline
Body Cavities:
- The cranial cavity contains the brain
- The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart
- The abdominal cavity contains the digestive organs
- The pelvic cavity contains the reproductive organs
Body Regions:
- The axial region includes the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and sternum
- The appendicular region includes the upper and lower limbs

External Genitalia:
- Mons pubis is fatty tissue over the pubic bone
- Labia are folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening
Internal Genitalia:
- Ovaries produce ova (eggs)
- Fallopian tubes connect ovaries to the uterus
- The uterus is a muscular organ where fertilization occurs
- The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina

External Genitalia:
- The scrotum is a sac of skin and muscle that contains the testes
- The penis is the male organ for urination and reproduction
Internal Genitalia:
- Testes produce sperm
- The epididymis is a tube-like structure that stores sperm
- The vas deferens is a muscular tube that carries sperm from the epididymis
- The prostate gland produces fluids that make up semen
- The urethra is a tube that carries semen and urine out of the body