آناتومی اندام فوقانی
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Questions and Answers

عملکرد اصلی عضلات گروهی در ناحیه فوقانی بدن چیست؟

  • تولید خون
  • حرکات خاص مانند خم شدن و کشش (correct)
  • تنظیم دما
  • حفاظت از اعضای داخلی
  • کدام یک از عصب‌های اصلی ناحیه فوقانی بدن به حرکات دست کمک می‌کند؟

  • عصب تحتانی
  • عصب سیاتیک
  • عصب ساکرال
  • عصب برکیال (correct)
  • کدام یک از عروق در ناحیه فوقانی بدن وظیفه تامین اکسیژن و مواد مغذی را دارد؟

  • شریان فمورال
  • شریان رادیال (correct)
  • شریان تحتانی
  • وریدها
  • کدام یک از شرایط زیر می‌تواند به عملکرد ناحیه فوقانی بدن آسیب بزند؟

    <p>پارگی روتاتور کاف</p> Signup and view all the answers

    کدام یک از مشکلات زیر ناشی از آسیب به اعصاب ناحیه فوقانی بدن نیست؟

    <p>افزایش قدرت عضلات</p> Signup and view all the answers

    کدام یک از اجزای زیر بخشی از اندام فوقانی محسوب نمی‌شود؟

    <p>پا</p> Signup and view all the answers

    کدام یک از گزینه‌های زیر به عنوان نشانه‌ای از ثبات شانه عمل می‌کند؟

    <p>اکرومیون</p> Signup and view all the answers

    حرکت‌های کدامیک در مفصل آرنج رخ می‌دهند؟

    <p>خم و راست کردن</p> Signup and view all the answers

    در کدام بخش از اندام فوقانی، استخوان رادیوس و اولنا قرار دارند؟

    <p>پایین بازو</p> Signup and view all the answers

    کدامیک از حرکات زیر توسط دستان انجام نمی‌شود؟

    <p>شناور شدن</p> Signup and view all the answers

    حداکثر دامنه حرکتی کدامیک از مفاصل زیر بیشتر است؟

    <p>مفصل شانه</p> Signup and view all the answers

    کدامیک از استخوان‌های زیر در تشکیل مفصل مچ درگیر نیست؟

    <p>کلاویگول</p> Signup and view all the answers

    چه چیزی باعث چرخش دست در هنگام چرخش بازوی ساعد می‌شود؟

    <p>اثر متقاطع</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of the Upper Limb

    • The upper limb includes the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
    • Each part has specific bones, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.
    • Functions include reaching, grasping, manipulating objects, and providing sensory input.
    • Mobility and dexterity are crucial for daily tasks.

    Shoulder Girdle

    • The shoulder girdle comprises the scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collarbone).
    • The scapula is a flat, triangular bone that articulates with the humerus (upper arm bone) at the glenohumeral joint.
    • The clavicle acts as a strut between the sternum (breastbone) and the scapula, providing stability and leverage.
    • The acromioclavicular (AC) joint connects the scapula to the clavicle.
    • The sternoclavicular (SC) joint connects the clavicle to the sternum.

    Arm

    • The arm is the region between the shoulder and the elbow.
    • The humerus is the primary bone, a long bone with a head that connects with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
    • The humerus's distal end joins the radius and ulna at the elbow joint..
    • The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint allowing a wide range of movement.

    Elbow Joint

    • The elbow joint connects the arm to the forearm.
    • It involves the articulation of the humerus, radius, and ulna.
    • The elbow allows flexion, extension, and pronation/supination.
    • Stability comes from bony articulations and strong supporting ligaments.

    Forearm

    • The forearm is between the elbow and wrist.
    • It consists of the radius and ulna, two parallel long bones.
    • The radius connects with the ulna at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints.
    • Radius and ulna articulate with the carpals at the wrist for wrist movements.
    • Pronation and supination of the forearm rotate the hand, facilitated by radius and ulna interaction.

    Wrist and Hand

    • The wrist connects the forearm to the hand, formed by eight carpal bones.
    • The carpal bones are arranged in two rows for complex wrist movements.
    • Five metacarpal bones form the hand's framework.
    • They connect to the proximal phalanx of each finger and the carpals.
    • Fingers have three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) except the thumb, which has two.
    • Wrist and hand enable precise grip and fine motor skills.

    Muscles of the Upper Limb

    • Numerous muscles throughout the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand enable various movements.
    • Muscles are categorized by function and location (e.g., rotator cuff, forearm flexors/extensors).
    • Muscle groups control motions like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation at different joints.

    Nerves of the Upper Limb

    • Nerves control muscle function and upper limb sensation.
    • Key nerves include axillary, radial, ulnar, median, musculocutaneous, and suprascapular nerves.
    • These nerves branch throughout the limb, providing sensation and enabling movement.
    • Nerve damage causes movement and sensory issues.

    Blood Vessels of the Upper Limb

    • Blood vessels carry oxygen and nutrients to the upper limb.
    • Key arteries: subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries.
    • Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
    • Circulatory system disruptions can cause issues.

    Clinical Significance

    • Fractures, dislocations, and sprains are common upper limb injuries.
    • Nerve damage or compression syndromes can lead to pain and altered function.
    • Conditions like rotator cuff tears, carpal tunnel syndrome, and tennis elbow impact the upper limb.
    • Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for recovery.

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    Description

    این کوییز به بررسی آناتومی و عملکرد اندام فوقانی شامل شانه، بازو، ساعد و دست می‌پردازد. هر بخش متشکل از استخوان‌ها، عضلات، اعصاب و رگ‌های خونی خاص خود است. این اطلاعات ضروری برای درک حرکات روزمره و فعالیت‌های فیزیکی هستند.

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