Anatomy and Physiology: Taste Receptors and Pathways

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What is the role of odorant-binding proteins (obp) in the olfactory system?

To increase the frequency of action potentials
To transfer odorants to receptors (correct)
To produce pheromones
To generate action potentials

Where are the glands that secrete pheromones located in the human body?

In the nose
In the armpits, genital regions, and navels (correct)
In the tongue
In the brain

What is the significance of the vomeronasal organ in relation to sex and memory?

It is involved in the detection of pheromones (correct)
It enhances the sense of smell
It is responsible for perfume advertisements
It is only present in men

How many types of odorant receptors are present in each olfactory receptor neuron?

1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical resting membrane potential of olfactory receptor cells?

-55 mV (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical lifespan of basal cells in the taste buds?

10 days (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of papillae on the tongue does not have taste buds?

Filiform papillae (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of information from the olfactory system to the brain in women?

From the nose directly to the behavior center (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Ebner's glands?

Secreting mucus to facilitate taste (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial nerves is involved in transmitting taste information from the anterior ⅔ of the tongue?

CN VII (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of sweet taste receptor stimulation?

G protein and adenylyl cyclase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of taste buds found on the human tongue?

10,000-15,000 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is associated with the umami taste modality?

Urea (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical percentage change in concentration required for an individual to appreciate a change in taste?

30 % (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of adaptation in olfactory receptors?

Desensitization of G protein inhibitory cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Nucleus of Tractus Solitarius in the taste pathway?

It integrates taste information from the three cranial nerves (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the olfactory receptors located in the nasal pathway?

Olfactory mucous membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Microsmatic and Macrosmatic species?

Microsmatic species have a more sensitive smell, while Macrosmatic species have a less sensitive smell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cribriform plate of ethmoid?

To protect the brain from infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the olfactory threshold?

To determine the concentration of a substance required for a person to appreciate the smell (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in emotional responses to olfaction?

Amygdala (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the older and newer systems of olfaction?

The older system is not connected to the thalamus, while the newer system is (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the glomeruli in the olfactory system?

To receive fibers from the cribriform plate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pathway that involves the transmission of taste information from the tongue to the brain?

Brainstem to thalamus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the olfactory bulb?

To receive signals from the olfactory receptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the right and left sides of the olfactory cortex?

The right side is more active, while the left side is less active (C) Signup and view all the answers